Introduction - Washing Machine Industry: Efficiency and Ecology
The efficiency of manufacturing processes and the growing imperative for sustainable practices are critical considerations in modern industry. This analysis examines the production line of Minerva Ltd., a washing machine manufacturer, using a precedence diagram to identify opportunities for improved workflow and reduced idle time. Beyond operational efficiency, the discussion extends to the broader challenges and opportunities within the washing machine manufacturing sector, with a particular focus on adapting to fluctuating market demands, ensuring supply chain resilience, navigating regulatory changes, and leveraging technological advancements. Furthermore, the essay explores the crucial role of circular economy principles and resource efficiency in fostering long-term sustainability within the industry, alongside the wider societal movement towards carbon neutrality and the impact of carbon literacy on individual environmental responsibility.
Minerva Ltd. manufactures washing machines
Precedence diagram for this production line
Figure 1: Precedence diagram
The above Picture demonstrates a precedence diagram. In that, it depicts activity A does not possess a predecessor while activity B relies on activity A. Additionally, it depends on C and D while F relies on A. G rely on F, H rely on G, I rely on both E and H and J relies on I. Overall the project finish time is 15 minutes.
Assign tasks to workstations and idle time in each cycle
To reduce the idle time there is a need to appropriately assign the task. The assignment of the task is provided below
Workstation 1:
For activity A timing activity F timing
That is (1+3) mins= 4 minWorkstation 2:
For activity B timing activity C timing
That is (3+2) mins= 5 min
Workstation 3:
For activity D timing activity E timing
That is (4+1) mins= 5 min
Workstation 4:
For activity G timing activity H timing
That is (2+5) mins= 7 min
Workstation 5:
For activity I timing activity J timing
That is (1+3) mins= 4 min
IDLE TIME= (7-27) = 20 min
In this assignment individual workstation is properly allocated to a particular activity to evaluate the manufacturing procedure. However the idle time that occurs during workstation 4 poses a longer cycle period due to its cumulative activity H and activity G time that is 5 minutes and 2 minutes respectively. This result 8 the W4 is not completely used within the provided cycle time.
Idle time is demonstrated as potential inefficiency and resource underutilization. This assignment resulted in 20 minutes of idle time per cycle which demonstrated an improved scope.
In order to reduce the time with increasing efficiency
The corporation needs to focus on reducing the use of tasks among their different workstation to equilibrate the workload.
There is a need to contact individual activity analyzation to address scope for time minimization without alternating its quality which can contribute to limited cycle time with increasing productivity.
Improving balance to 100 %
In order to improve the balance by 100 per cent there is a need to reassign the task to counterbalance the workload. They can also improve the balance by relocating the assembly of soap dispensers to W3 that are valuable to distribute the workload. This type of adjustment helps to optimize task flow by minimizing idle time and increasing production efficiency. There is also a need to include parallel processing. In that certain types of activity can be conducted simultaneously to minimise idle time as well as cycle time.
Theoretical minimum number of workstations
The theoretical minimum workstation number is demonstrated by N.
N= total sum of the time by cycle time
N= (1+3+2+4+1+3+2+5+1+3)/7
= 3.6
The theoretical minimum workstation number is 4.
Use of Process Design in Service organisation
The process design utilization in service organisation incorporated the procedure of designing to achieve client satisfaction. This includes different types of V such as variety, variation, volume and visibility in demand. The volume demonstrates the ability to manage service requests significantly maintaining a seamless and smooth workflow even in peak time. On the other hand, variety is demonstrated as a service of a different nature that is required for enhancing process flexibility that helps to enhance accommodating customization capability of the process (Lyons, Um and Sharifi, 2019). The variation demonstrated scalability significance for meeting the procedure to enhance its adaptivity to the fluctuation of client requirements as well as market dynamics. On the other hand, visibility is demonstrated as the direct interaction between customers and service providers highlighting customer positive feedback significance for improving the service quality.
This different 4V alignment within the service corporation can help to optimise operations efficiency with increasing customer satisfaction. The corporation's management toward accommodating a variety of service volumes and adaptability anticipating evolving client and market demand and establishing visibility within customer loyalty can have a high contribution to developing a well-structured service procedure (Khalili-Araghi and Kolarevic, 2020). This alignment helps to increase corporation operation effectiveness by helping to hold the position within the evolving market to supply high standard responsive service that leads toward excellent client experience that is valuable to establish long-term relationships.
Contemporary issues and challenges in the washing machine manufacturing industry
In the washing machine manufacturing industry, significant and efficient sustainable operation management is paramount for eliminating all the risks to the supply chain, proper resource utilization and environmental influence while helping it to gain long-term sustainability and profitability (Loon, Van Wassenhove and Mihelic, 2021). The challenges and issues that are experienced by the sector can be noticed in both global and local aspects.
Fluctuating demand of customers and market
A significant issue that is experienced by this corporation is customer and market demands transformation as people are seeking eco-conscious products. The eco-conscious product demand led the washing machine corporation to reassign their structure to meet limited environmental impact by taking on step toward zero carbon emission. Besides that seasonal Trends and economic situations also cause unpredictable demand fluctuation within the washing machine sector. Capacity management within this sector for achieving the fluctuating demand needs a significant equilibrium, delicate balance. In case over capacity can be found within washing machine manufacturing that can guide toward enhancing environmental influence and underutilization that can lead toward market opportunity loss and decrease profitability.
International supply chain upheaval
This sector often experience a significant challenge in the context of supply chain management internationally as this industry heavily relies on washing machine manufacturing components and raw materials (Rakhmawati et al., 2020). Different uncertain events such as political instability, global crises such as pandemic outbreaks, and natural disasters can destroy the supply chain management and guide toward limiting the production capacity and shortening the cycle time. Therefore establishing a sustainable and resonance supply chain within machine manufacturing can be helpful to eliminate supply chain disruption associated risk.
Regulatory changes
With the increasing client demand for eco-conscious and sustainable products, environmental regulations are also changing respectively (Lagercrantz Zachrisson and Marusik, 2023). That can create issues in managing the capacity of the washing machine manufacturing industry. In order to eliminate this, the manufacturing industry needs to conduct market research to become up to date about environmental regulations with an understanding of evolving eco-conscious product demand. Besides observing strict environmental standards the corporation also needs to restructure its existing facility or make new sustainable Technology investments. Compliance maintenance can take lots of investment that can also influence a corporation's ability utilization as well as increase the financial risk of the corporation.
Leveraging modern technology
The evolving Technology modification also enhances those corporations struggling who still possess traditional methods for managing their capacity. In order to eliminate this the corporation needs to adopt new modern technology to enhance their significant production capacity by becoming up to date about new modern technology (Gomaa et al., 2023). In this aspect, they also need to invest more in modern equipment that is valuable to enhance their production. However, this type of financial transition can require proper budget planning as this is a capital internship approach (Atitallah et al., 2020). Through adequate budget, and planning can help to minimize the financial risk by reducing energy consumption and wastage due to leveraging modern technology for upgrading the procedure. Besides that multiple corporations have already taken a step toward digitalisation however they do not have the proper IT skills to create limitations for the utilization of modern equipment. Therefore the corporation also needs to focus and invest in training events for their employee's IT skill enhancement which are valuable to the function of new technology (Chakraborty et al., 2023).
Circular economy adaptation
The evolving demand for circular economy adaptation leads the corporations to minimise their wastage and environmental impact through recycling and releasing waste (Loon, Van Wassenhove and Mihelic, 2021).
Figure 2: Calculated revenue forged from transactions of the circular economy across the world in 2022 and 2026
The above report represents revenue generated by circular economy across the world. As per the report it has been found that the transaction revenue of circular economy across the world including refunds product rental and second-hand products was near about 339 billion US dollars in 2022 and it was predicted to enhance by double by the year 2026 ( Statista, 2023). However, this can include new challenges for the corporation to efficiently manage their capacity management. Therefore the manufacturer is required to invest more in recycling operations and reverse logistics that are valuable for adjusting the capacity to properly accommodate the enhanced emphasis on increasing management of the product life cycle (van Loon and Van Wassenhove, 2020). However, this type of transition needs proper planning and understanding of circular economy advantage and its principle that needs collaborative efforts.
Resource and energy efficiency
Significantly optimising resource and energy efficiency within capacity management helps to meet corporation sustainability goals for a long-term period. However, in order to achieve the school there is a need for high investment within limited energy consumption procedures and Technology, waste reduction measurements and procedure optimization equipment (Boldoczki, Thorenz and Tuma, 2021). Therefore washing machine manufacturers experience challenges in maintaining the budget that is required to maintain this approach over a long-term period. That can lead them toward decreasing corporation image.
Operations contribute to making the washing machine industry more sustainable
The increasing demand for washing machine manufacturing also raises concern about its manufacturing process's influence on the environment. In order to eliminate this concern the manufacturing industry focused on extending its sustainability further environmental concerns to confine the economic and social landscape.
Circular business model adaptation
The circular economy has gained popularity in the current area from both policymakers and corporations. It helps to minimise the use of material and helps to re-design products and materials to minimize resource intensive (Bressanelli, Perona and Saccani, 2018). It also helps to recycle the waste as a manufacturing product resource for manufacturing new products and materials. Manufacturing corporation offers new economies to additional traditional corporations that supply significant lifestyles through developing a circular business model in multiple ways that incorporate 3 common strategy combinations.
Retain product ownership
This approach is a classical version that helps the producer to lease or rent its product from a client instead of selling it. Therefore the responsibilities of the producer after the client has accomplished with them (Braun, Schöllhammer and Rosenkranz, 2021).
Product life expansion
Corporations incorporating this initiative concentrate on designing the product for the long-term period that can provide the possibility for the use product market. Due to the long-term product lifespan demonstrated limited purchasing.
Design for recycling
Corporations incorporate tits initiatives for designing their manufacturing procedure and product to enhance material wastage reduction and recoverability. It often Incorporates collaboration with different corporations that possess particular Technology expertise or have the adequate ability for material recycling or recovery utilisation. For instance, Parley collaborated with Adidas for 6 years for Ocean (Atasu, Dumas and Van Wassenhove, 2021). The manufacturing product of apparel and shoes generates plastic wastage that is used by Parley to generate textile thread. The initiatives help to minimise plastic waste amount from oceans across the world.
Managing the product life cycle
The corporation also includes significant product life cycle management approaches that have a high contribution to maintaining sustainability within supply chain management. This was incorporated with redesigning the service and product to enhance its longevity and ensure the Waste recycling process (Çınar et al., 2020). The reverse logistic implementation helps to recycle the product waste while extending its lifespan.
Using energy-efficient manufacturing procedure
The sustainability initiative adaptation within supply chain management and operation has a significant contribution to minimising energy that is also helpful to minimise environmental impact (Cheng et al., 2020). The washing machine manufacturing incorporated multiple stages from the extraction of raw material to the production of the washing machine. That can generate high heat and use large energy for proceeding it. Therefore dose corporation can leverage modified Technology within their corporation that can help to minimise their energy consumption such as automated systems, artificial intelligence, cloud software, information technology, optimised manufacturing scheduling Technology and robotics. Leveraging this modified Technology can help to minimise energy consumption during operations that are valuable to minimise carbon footprint (Cai et al., 2019). This initiative not only helps to minimise the carbon emission it also helps to minimise the operation budget which is valuable to eliminate the financial risk.
Social responsibility and maintaining employee welfare
Sustainability initiatives also Incorporate different social dimension that has a significant role in achieving social responsibility as well as employee well-being and welfare. The corporation can adopt different initiatives for supplying secure working circumstances in that employees can feel safe. Additionally, they can also provide them the scope to enhance their career growth by getting fair opportunities and wages for enhancing their ability which has a high contribution to maintaining social sustainability within the corporation. They can also Incorporate ethical and adequate labour initiatives by participating in different communal activities that can help to meet their social responsibility through understanding the different community requirements (Ahmed et al., 2020). This is also valuable to lead the corporation to develop a long-term relationship with different stakeholders while enhancing the corporation's reputation. This can help to boost employee motivation which is connected with corporation productivity maximization.
A society's role in becoming carbon neutral by 2036
Carbon neutrality demonstrated posing equilibrium between absorbing carbon and emitting carbon from the environment in carbon sinks. Storing carbon dioxide by removing it from the environment is defined as carbon sequestration. The carbon imbalance is another cause of Climate change (Smith, Penn and Gatersleben, 2022). Climate change is significantly influencing the whole world with severe weather conditions such as heavy rain, heat waves, floods and droughts becoming frequent, including in European countries. In order to minimize the global warming temperature by 1.5 degrees Celsius “the intergovernmental panel for climate change” offers a carbon neutrality society development by the 21st century. In order to meet this objective 195 Nations signed the Paris Agreement including the European Union. In 2019 the European Commission presented a ‘European green deal’ with a flagship plan that focused on developing the European climate neutral by the year 2050 (Europarl, 2019). The society of the UK is also focused on eliminating and cutting emissions by the year 2035. In order to meet this goal the Government of the UK developed a law that demonstrated cutting carbon emissions by 78% by the year 2035 (GOV.UK, 2021). Society also takes a crucial safe to adopt renewable energy resources including shifting their focus from fossil fuels utilization to clean and renewable energy alternatives. The transportation sector has also the highest contribution toward emitting carbon and carbon-attached molecules. The transportation incorporates goods and people movement by truck, aeroplanes, cars and other types of vehicles (Li, Li and Wang, 2022). The greenhouse gas majority emissions from the sector result from petroleum-based product combustion such as diesel and gasoline fuel. In the year 2021, the greenhouse gas emissions from this sector accounted for near about 26% of the total greenhouse gas emissions of the UK which became the largest greenhouse emitting sector in the UK. Domestic transport emitted greenhouse gas by 91% that's the source majority among other sectors. In that, the biggest contributors are taxes and cars that are used for private transport while the heavy goods transportation system emitted 20% (Gov, 2023).
Figure 3: Greenhouse gas emission as of 2021 by sector
This report demonstrated total domestic emissions that rose by 20.3 MtCO2e in the year 2021. Between the years 2020 and 2020 greenhouse gas emissions increased by 50% as the pandemic outbreak created solo traveling through private cars. This great significant challenge to the society their food the society requires boosting its transformation from traditional vehicle utilisation to electric vehicle utilisation. This is due to electric vehicles being the sustainable vehicle that has a minimum environmental impact (Watkins, 2023). Therefore society is required to invest more in required infrastructure for enhancing the adaptation of an electric vehicle through developing charging stations. In this aspect, the government can also supply grand for enhancing electric vehicle utilisation by incorporating strict carbon emission and environmental standards for private vehicle utilisation and motivating public transport as an alternative method are also valuable to minimise commuting carbon footprint (European Environment Agency, 2023).
Carbon capture and shortage Technology adaptation
Carbon capture and shortage (CCS) is a method for minimizing carbon emissions that could be fundamental to significantly tackling environmental impact and global warming. It incorporated 3 fundamental step procedures such as capturing carbon dioxide that is generated from industrial activity or power generation such as cement or steel manufacturing corporation transportation and many more (The London School of Economics and Political Science, 2018).
This positive incorporated carbon dioxide emission capturing from different corporation procedures such as cement manufacturing, Fossil burning and others. Cardboard is transported from the production to the pipeline for storage underground through geological formation. “The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change” demonstrates that there is a need to meet the Paris Agreement's focus on minimising global warming enhancement by 1.5 degrees centigrade. That can be done by enhancing the initiative to minimise carbon emissions through employing numerous modern technologies to eliminate carbon from the circumstances. CCS is the technology that has a significant role in maintaining global warming (Budinis, Fajardy and Greenfield, 2023). As per “the Global CCS Institute 2022 Report” near about 194 large-scale CCS in corporations across the world in comparison to the 2019 report is 51 to 61. Till now operated projects at 30 in 11 are under construction. Of the total project numbers 94 were noticed in America and 80 are in the US, in Europe the number is 73 in the UK posing 27 projects, the Asia Pacific contains 21 while the Middle East contains 6. The capturing capacity of CSS is 244 million tons per annum in the year 2022 which increased by 44% from the previous year (National Grid, 2023). Therefore the government need to invest more in this technology research and development that is valuable for minimising the carbon emission from the circumstantious. It also helps to minimise global warming by capturing carbon dioxide from different carbon dioxide-generated sources. Besides to enhance this initiative the government also need to collaborate with multiple businesses to incorporate and upgrade this CCS solution within the corporation supply chain that provides significant solutions for minimising carbon emissions in different sectors that are struggling to decarbonize.
The significant carbon reduction commitment to reduce carbon after Carbon Literacy training
In order to maintain carbon neutrality within the environment to maintain its sustainability carbon literacy training can be helpful in motivating multiple important commitments to minimise carbon footprint. The main focus behind this commitment is to make a high contribution toward green environment development and provide a sustainable future (Timmis et al., 2019). After taking the training it has been found that there are multiple steps that need to be incorporated those are as follows
Energy consumption
The primary promise would need to revolve around minimizing energy consumption and focusing on renewable energy alternatives. This initiative includes enhancing the utilization of energy-efficient and eco-conscious initiatives on a regular basis such as minimizing electricity utilization or utilizing energy-efficient equipment (Chapple et al., 2019). Additionally, there is also a need to explore the transition option from traditional energy sources to renewable energy sources for each individual for their personal use. This not only helps to enhance energy consumption, it is also valuable to develop a sustainable future for future generations.
Recycling process adaptation
The training also highlights the significance recycling process for waste minimization that leads towards maintaining a green environment. In order to gain this goal I committed to include different practices for minimizing wastage. This could include recycling, reuse, circular economic adaptation and reducing wastage. This includes also not using single-use plastic, focusing on using organic sources and using recycling initiatives for different materials (Stevenson and Kwok, 2020). I also take the initiative to engage with different community activities and support them that concentrate on waste reduction.
Use sustainable transportation
In order to eliminate carbon emissions there is a need to use sustainable transportation such as e-vehicles or public transport rather than private transport (Chapple et al., 2019). That can help to lead one step forward toward maintaining sustainability in the environmental aspect. I also promise to use public transport instead of private cars to minimise carbon emissions. Besides that, the use of e-vehicles or cycling is also helpful to take one step ahead to a greener environment (Shah et al., 2021). Besides, I also enhance awareness of other people for minimising private car intelligence to save the planet from global warming.
Sustainable selection
Sustainable selection is another state that is helpful to minimise carbon deduction that can be gained through carbon literacy training (Kadefors et al., 2020). After the training, I committed to using sustainable products or eco-conscious services that include not adopting any single-use packaging material, using only limited packaging selecting local sourcing products and supporting those brands that are committed to maintaining a greener environment. As an eco-conscious client, this aim helps to increase sustainable approaches during supply chain life cycles.
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