Person-Centered Approaches in Health and Social Care Settings Assignment Sample

Task 1: Guidance Document

Introduction 

The aim of this document is to make the new employees of Ryemoor aware of the person-centered approaches to health and social care setup. As a healthcare worker at Ryemoor, my responsibility is to provide advice to the new employees about person-centered care approaches and how they should ensure that the needs and alternative of the patients are being fulfilled at the healthcare setup.

Guidance Document

Person-centered values

Person-centered values are a guiding principle that helps the new healthcare workers to know how to put the interest of individuals who are receiving care and support at the center of any healthcare treatment and approach. These values include independence, privacy, individuality, dignity, respect, and rights (Cooper et al., 2020). The Person-centered approach in healthcare setup can be defined as the psychotherapeutic method by which one can emphasise on the importance of the values of the patient when developing therapeutic relationships. According to Rowe (2017), the most basic and common elements of person-centered approaches are realness, acceptance, congruence, genuineness, caring, and empathetic understanding.

In health and social care, person-centered values include:

• Individuality is where the staff or nurses should treat each patient according to their own identity, needs, choices, and beliefs (Garcia et al., 2023). 
• Choice, which means that each patient at Ryemoor should be supported to make their own choices regarding their care and support.
• Rights- The nurses and staff of Ryemoor should follow the Human Rights Act, of 1998 to maintain the rights of patients at the workplace setup. It should be remembered that everyone has the right to speak and keep themselves and others safe from any harm (Rowe, 2017). Additionally, when delivering care and support to the patient, the care workers should keep the rights to respect, dignity, and equality in mind.
• Privacy- according to this, nurses and healthcare workers of Ryemoor should maintain the privacy and dignity of every patient while delivering them care.

How Person-centred values underpin the health and Social Care Practice 

While delivering care, and medical and psychological support to the patient at Ryemoor, the new nurses and staff should keep several principles of the Person-Centered Care approach in mind. These values or principles can underpin and shape the delivery of the services at the workplace setup.

Respect for the individual: according to the values of the person-centered care approach, the health care workers should treat every patient as a unique individual and respect their option, needs, values, and beliefs (Cooper et al., 2020). It should be the foremost responsibility to recognise and respect the autonomy and choice of every patient as well as coworkers, even if their values or beliefs are different from one another.

Promoting privacy and dignity: as per the principle of the Person-Centered care approach, healthcare workers should maintain privacy and respect the dignity of every patient. This means, that while carrying out day-to-day communication, the healthcare workers should be aware of maintaining confidentiality and privacy of information and provide space to every individual by ensuring their comfort in different healthcare and treatment setups (Murry and Desselle, 2023).

Empowerment and involvement: The person-centered Care approach and its value emphasise that healthcare workers should encourage the patient to take part in deciding on their treatment. This refers to the fostering of a collaborative working culture in the healthcare setup (Appleyard et al., 2023). The healthcare workers should remember that empowerment can lead to better health outcomes which can increase the satisfaction level and the patient towards the service and care that they are receiving from Ryemoon.

How to care plans are central while applying person-centered values

When it comes to offering healthcare and support in accordance with the needs of the patient, it should be important to design a care plan by applying person-centered values. Here, the healthcare workers can incorporate the personal alternative of patients, their choices, and requirements into the care plan (Appleyard et al., 2023). This can ensure that the services being delivered to them will respect the autonomy and dignity of patients. The healthcare workers can also empower the patient by encouraging them to take part in decision-making- healthcare workers will promote the collaborative working approach at the healthcare setup, where care workers and professionals will work in partnership with the patient and deliver services at the highest quality standards (Behrens et al., 2023). Additionally, the care plan should be dynamic and holistic in nature, where the physical, emotional, and social needs of the patients should be addressed.

The factors related to the well-being of individuals

As a health and social care worker at Ryemoon, it should be important to understand that several factors contribute to the health and well-being of patients and care providers. One of the important factors is communication. Open, and transparent communication between healthcare providers and care users can help professionals to understand the needs and alternative of patients, which in turn can foster the development of robust care plans and approaches (Garcia et al., 2023). The second factor is Emotional Support. Emotional or psychological support from healthcare workers can help any patient to rejuvenate and develop the eagerness to live a healthy life. For example, if one deals with a patient who is suffering from cancer, emotional support from care providers can help that patient to overcome depression, and anxiety and can experience improved health and livelihood (Murry and Desselle, 2023). Respect for cultural diversity in the workplace, and collaborative and inclusive healthcare setup are two important factors that contribute to the health and well-being of individuals. When the patients as well as their coworkers feel valuable and understand that their autonomy, and dignity are being protected and maintained to a considerable extent at the healthcare setup, individuals will develop satisfaction with the services which can enhance their well-being at a considerable level.

Ways to understand the alternative of individuals, wishes, and needs

To understand the alternative of patients at healthcare setup, along with their needs and wishes, one should follow:

1. Effective communication, and use of open dialogues to gather information about the patients
2. Develop active listening skills to know, recognise, and understand the needs of patients
3. Carry out interviews with the patient by using open-ended questions to get valuable insight into the unique needs of the patients (Behrens et al., 2023)
4. Encourage the patients to be involved in a shared decision-making process and empower them to express their needs and alternative (Olson and Burns, 2023)
5. Close observation- healthcare workers will maintain close observation of patients by using non-verbal cues to understand emotional responses
6. Regular feedback from the patients regarding the services they are getting from care providers

These are the common ways, healthcare workers can understand the unique needs, alternative, and wishes of the patients who are admitted to Ryemoon with specific health needs.

Ways to put the person-cantered values into practices

There are several ways, a healthcare worker can put person-centered values into practice:

1. Effective communication

1. Develop active listening skills and use open dialogue by avoiding the use of jargon (Vareta et al., 2023)
2. Understand, recognise, and respect the perception and alternative of the patients 

1. Individual Care Plan

1. Tailoring care to personal alternative and goals 
2. Involve the patients in decision-making processes

1. Empowerment and Involvement 

1. Encourage the patients to actively take part in the care plan
2. Support the autonomy and dignity of patients 

1. Cultural Sensitive 

1. Recognise and respect the cultural diversity of the patients 
2. Adapt a holistic care approach in alignment with the wishes and alternative of patients 

1. Regular feedback and Evaluation

1. Seeking feedback from the patients related to the service they have received from Ryemoon
2. Continuous improvement will be carried out in service provision based on the patient experiences 

Review the practice in response to the changing needs of individuals 

Reviewing the health and social care services being offered to the patient at the healthcare setup is considered to be important (Behrens et al., 2023). The systematic approaches by following which one can review his practices are:

1. Regular Assessment

1. Conduct a regular assessment related to the health status, alternative, and well-being of the patient to whom “you” are delivering services 
2. Use a standardised assessment tool to recognise the changing needs and areas of improvement to the service provision 

1. Communication

1. Maintain open and clear communication with the patient to understand his needs and alternative
2. Communicate with the patient’s family members and other care professionals to provide the best treatment to the patient 
3. Actively seek feedback from the patient to improve the service facilities 

1. Flexible Care Plan

1. Develop and utilise a flexible care plan, so that adjustments can be made based on the changing needs of the patient 
2. Encourage the patients to take part in the care plan to ensure that this plan can align with their health status, wishes, and requirements 

1. Use of Data Analysis

1. Use and implement data-driven decision-making processes to enhance the effectiveness of the care delivery
2. Use data analytics to identify the patterns and current trends in healthcare setup and outcome of the patient 

Principle of active participation

The two main principles related to Active participation in health and social care setup are:

1. Rights of the Individual- promoting rights, choices, and independence of a patient are the important factors or principles in person-centric care approaches (Behrens et al., 2023). As a healthcare worker, the active participation of the patient can be promoted by respecting his dignity, values, and rights to choose and decisions.
2. Independence or autonomy of the individual- to promote the active participation of the patient in healthcare-related decisions, and to empower them, it should be important to acknowledge and respect the rights of individuals and ensure that every patient can gain scope to actively take part in decision making and their alternative are being aligned with a care plan (Olson and Burns, 2023). Additionally, it is also important to recognise and value the diverse belief, alternative, and wisdom of the patients which can encourage them to incorporate their alternative into care plans through collaborative decision-making with healthcare professionals (Appleyard et al., 2023). 

Ways to ensure active participation to meet the needs of individuals

To check whether the patients' at Ryemoon are getting a chance to actively take part in decision-making, and recognise their needs, it should be important for healthcare workers to carry out the:

1. Inclusive communication 
2. Actively involved the patient in a shared decision-making process by considering the values, beliefs, and alternative of the patient 
3. Use feedback mechanisms to understand the needs and requirements of the patient and encourage them to actively take part in improving the service provision 

How to support an individual to agree on how active participation will be implemented

Collaboration and Communication are two important approaches by which healthcare workers can support individuals to agree on how active participation can be implemented in the healthcare system of Ryemoon. Start with open and clear communication or discussion- it can help healthcare workers to understand and recognise the unique needs, concerns, and alternative of patients related to their care plan (Behrens et al., 2023). Start encouraging the patients to express their needs and concerns- it can foster that sense of empowerment (Olson, and Burns, 2023). The collaborative agreement between patients and healthcare professionals can also promote mutual understanding, and empower the individuals to actively take part in the healthcare journey by aligning their alternative with care plans.

Conclusion 

To conclude this assessment, it can be stated that the healthcare workers who are new to Ryemoon should comply with the organsiational standrads and policies so that they can deliver the best care services to the patient. Additionally, it is also important to comply with and use the Person-Centred Care approach and principles to provide care plans in accordance with the needs, alternative, and unique ideologies of the patients.

Recommendations

Appleyard, W.J., Christodoulou, G.N. and León-Correa, F.J., 2023. Human Rights, Ethics and Values in Person Centered Medicine. In Person Centered Medicine (pp. 65-83). Cham: Springer International Publishing.https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-17650-0_4

Behrens, L.L., Madrigal, C. and Dellefield, M.E., 2023. Assessment of Nursing Staff Learning Needs Around Person-Centered Risk Management in Nursing Homes. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 49(2), pp.7-12.https://journals.healio.com/doi/abs/10.3928/00989134-20230106-02

Cooper, J.T., Stanley, L.J., Stevens, C.E., Shenkar, O. and Kausch, C., 2020. Switching analytical mindsets: A person-centered approach to the analysis of cultural values. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 20(2), pp.223-247.https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1470595820939981

Garcia, D., Cloninger, K.M. and Cloninger, C.R., 2023. Coherence of character and temperament drives personality change toward well being in person-centered therapy. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 36(1), p.60.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9794122/

Murry, L.T. and Desselle, S.P., 2023. Beyond satisfaction in person-centered pharmacy services. Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, 12, p.100355.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276623001361

Olson, A.W. and Burns, A.L., 2023. From patient centered to person centered: The pharmacist’s role and value in community-integrated care transformation. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 63(3), pp.736-741.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1544319123000699

Rowe, W.S., 2017. Client-centered theory and the person centered approach: Values-based, evidence-supported. Social work treatment: Interlocking theoretical approaches, pp.34-53.https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=-3FdDgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA34&dq=Person-centered+values%09&ots=OY3AEN5OEw&sig=MpffQz0YLK4mN_fk7q1a7fOPtt4

Vareta, D.A., Oliveira, C., Família, C. and Ventura, F., 2023. Perspectives on the Person-Centered Practice of Healthcare Professionals at an Inpatient Hospital Department: A Descriptive Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(9), p.5635.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/9/5635

Task 2: Briefing Report

Introduction 

In recent times at Ryemoon, an issue has taken place, where personal care had been carried out without gaining any consent or permission from the patient. To address this issue and increase awareness related to the importance of obtaining consent from the patient at the healthcare setup among the staff, this briefing report has been developed. This report will offer information on whether an individual has to give consent when it comes to carrying out personal care and factors that influence the practices in healthcare setup.

When an individual might be required to give consent 

In any healthcare setup, it is important to keep in consideration that Consent is a fundamental aspect of the person-centric care approach. Individual or care users should provide their consent in different treatment situations, whether it is to go through any diagnosis, or medical treatment plan, or take part in research or examination (Östlund et al., 2023). The healthcare workers should ask for consent from the patient when it comes to involving the individuals in the intervention plan (Forsman et al., 2023). This is because, Consent in the healthcare scenario reflects whether the privacy, dignity, and overall well-being of the patient are valued and kept confidential by healthcare workers or not when they are receiving any treatment.

In the health and social care setup, a healthcare worker should ask for consent from a patient before giving any type of medical treatment or involving the patient in any examination or test. This must be carried out on the basis of the explanation given by the healthcare providers (Rink, 2023). For consent to be valid, it should be voluntary and informed, and the person must have the capacity to decide for consent. According to NHS England, a patient must be 16 years and above to provide consent, and “Gillick Competence” will be followed if the patient is under 16 years old or a minor (Forsman et al., 2023). If the patient is below 16 years old, then his or her parents should be liable to give consent related to the treatment, care plan, test, or examination to be carried out for the patient at the healthcare setup. In some cases, healthcare professionals suggest a particular form of investigation or treatment, ent and after thorough discussion, the patient may agree to give consent.

Factors that influence the capabilities of individuals to give consent 

The factors that influence the capability of individuals to give consent are:

1. Cognitive capacity of the patient
2. Mental health status of the patient 
3. Cultural background and belief or option of the patient
4. Age

Apart from the above factors, it is also important to consider the cognitive approach or status of the patient when it comes to asking for consent from individuals in a healthcare setup. Cognitive impairment like dementia or depression can affect comprehension, which further needs careful assessment (Rink, 2023). Additionally, emotional states like stress and anxiety levels should be considered as important factors that influence the capabilities of individuals to give consent. It is important to assess the understanding of information shared by individuals and ensure that the patients are fully informed before making any decision. considering the current issue, it can be stated that if in the workplace setup, it is evident that the capacity of the patient is being compromised, then legal representatives or advocates should be provided by the employers of the healthcare organisation, so that the patient can be involved in the decision-making process (Aluko-Arowolo et al., 2023).

Consent for activity or action (Refer the Appendix A for an example of the consent form)

To establish consent for any activity or action at the healthcare setup, the following process will be followed:

1. Sharing of Information- the healthcare workers should provide clear, understandable information about the treatment and care plan to the patient including the risks, and benefits associated with the plan (Jørgensen et al., 2023)
2. Voluntariness: It should be important to ensure that the patient has given his consent without facing any biases or pressure (Viscarret et al., 2023)
3. Capacity Assessment: Healthcare workers should assess the capacity of the patient to understand their ability to make decisions on their own and give consent regarding their care plan
4. Documentation: Record the consent process, including the interaction, information provided, and the agreement between healthcare users and care providers.

Steps to take if consent cannot be readily established

If in a healthcare setup, such a situation arises, where consent cannot be established readily, then the healthcare provider or care worker should follow the below steps:

1. Pause the Activity: if consent cannot readily be established, then the healthcare worker can cease or pause the activity related to the consent until the issue is resolved
2. Reassess the shared information: reassess the information being shared by the patient- it is important to check the credibility and relevancy of the information being shared by the patient during acceptance of the consent (Viscarret et al., 2023)
3. Involve the ethical committee or legal advisors: In complex situations, the hierarchy of the healthcare organsiation should provide an advocate or collaborate with the ethical committee to ensure that all the legal policies and principles are being complied with while asking for consent from the patient (Aluko-Arowolo et al., 2023)

Conclusion 

Consent, in healthcare setup, is considered to be an important part when it comes to carrying out ethics in healthcare setup. Proper implementation and use of consent in care and treatment plans are important to maintain the trust and autonomy of the patient. In this briefing report, focus has been given to the steps that healthcare workers will follow to ask or get consent from a patient with any healthcare needs. 

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Recommendations

Aluko-Arowolo, S., Lawal, S.A., Adedeji, I.A. and Nwaobilor, S., 2023. Ethical relativism and circumstances of social and cultural contingencies on informed consent in the conduct of research: clinical trials in Nigeria. Asian Bioethics Review, 15(1), pp.37-52.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41649-022-00223-4

Forsman, T., Silberstein, S. and Keller, E.J., 2023. Consent in Interventional Radiology—How Can We Make It Better?. Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal, 74(1), pp.202-210.https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/08465371221101625

Jørgensen, K., Hansen, M., Andersen, T.G., Hansen, M. and Karlsson, B., 2023. Healthcare Professionals’ Experiences with Patient Participation in a Mental Healthcare Centre: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), p.1965.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/3/1965

Östlund, L., Ernsth Bravell, M. and Johansson, L., 2023. Working in a gray area—Healthcare staff experiences of receiving consent when caring for persons with dementia. Dementia, 22(1), pp.144-160.https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/14713012221137472

Rink, B.D., 2023. Informed consent for expanded carrier screening: Past, present, and future. Prenatal Diagnosis, 43(4), pp.489-495.https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pd.6310

Viscarret, J.J., Ballestero, A., Úriz, M.J. and Idareta, F., 2023. What ethical dilemmas do social workers face in the healthcare area in Spain?. Social Work in Public Health, 38(2), pp.135-146.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19371918.2022.2104414