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Understanding the Community Impact of Coronary Heart Diseases
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In the modern world, one of the most prevalent health issues is coronary heart disease. It is a disease that affects the Coronary Arteries, that supply the heart's blood. Coronary artery disease defines the narrowness or obstructions to coronary arteries, which is mostly done by plaque buildup. “The coronary arteries” do supply heart with “oxygen-rich” blood. The buildup of plaque in the arteries limits the amount of blood which can go into heart. Suppose, due to congestion, traffic in two lanes is getting merged into one. It still moves, but more slowly now. When an individual are suffering from coronary artery disease, that person may not be able to notice something is wrong until the plaque causes a blood clot. The clotting of blood could be compared to a concrete wall in the middle of the road. Traffic has stopped. This causes a heart attack similar to how heart cannot receive blood. Thus, an individual might not even be aware that have CAD up until have a heart attack. This makes CAD a "silent killer." Additional names for CAD include coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic heart disease. Additionally, when people use the term "heart disease" they typically mean this.
“Coronary artery disease” is affecting a bunch of people. In the United States, there are about 18 million persons who are suffering from coronary artery disease (Musunuruet al, 2019). That almost equals the population of Houston, Chicago, Los Angeles, and new york city altogether. In the United States, coronary artery disease claimed 360900 lives in 2019(Bauersachset al, 2019). That number of individuals could fill Yankee stadium like eight times.
The main reason for death in both the US and other countries is “Coronary Artery disease”. Both men and those who were declared male at the time of birth as well as women and those who were declared female at the time of birth are affected by this. In the United States, “about 1 in 10 adults between the ages of 40 and 80 have coronary artery disease” (Thujiset al, 2019). People under 65 accounts for about 1 in 5 have faced issues of coronary artery disease deaths (Chen et al, 2021).
The biggest effect that “Coronary Artery Disease” creates is a “heart attack”. It is a life-threatening medical problem. Because of not getting enough blood, the heart muscles begin to deteriorate. To revive and restore the flow of blood in the heart, urgently require medical care.
Additionally, Coronary Artery Disease can weaken heart over time and cause issues like:
1. Arrhythmia: An erratic heartbeat is what is known as “Arrhythmia”. Individual’s heart may be beating more fastly or slowly than it would in the absence of “arrhythmia” if individuals have one. Thus, the heart may be beating erratically due to several types of problems, and the reason determines the appropriate course of treatment. It is possible for an arrhythmia to be silent and have no symptoms (Kwiecinskiet al, 2020). During an examination, a doctor can detect an irregular heartbeat by measuring the pulse, listening to the heart with the help of a stethoscope or doing diagnostic tests. If an individual experience chest pain, dizziness, or a racing heart, or if someone experience any of the following symptoms, need to seek a healthcare professional.
Symptoms: The symptoms that may occur include:
Cause: This may result from:
2.Cardiac Arrest: When the heartbeat stops or it beats so quickly that it cannot pump blood, it causes Cardiac arrest. People often fall during cardiac arrest. Symptoms appear suddenly. Because of this, it is often referred to as abrupt cardiac arrest(Sudaet al, 2019). When an individual experience cardiac arrest, the default impulses which initiate heartbeat is quickly replaced by abnormal, that reflects fast impulses. There is no way for oxygenated blood to reach the rest of body if heart is not pumping. If an individual do not receive quick treatment, the situation could turn fatal.
Symptoms:
Cause: Arrhythmias, or irregular heartbeats, are what trigger cardiac arrest in the first stages. The underlying factors that induce sudden cardiac arrest are events and conditions that can result in these heart rhythms. These consist of:
3. Cardiogenic Shock: Cardiogenic shock, a life-threatening disorder, occurs quickly when heart cannot keep up with the demand for blood from body (Fox et al, 2020). The most frequent trigger of this is a heart attack. Individual’s cells are dependent on oxygen to survive and function. This may result in catastrophic organ failure. It is a deadly illness that develops when the heart is unable to provide body with the necessary amounts of oxygen-rich blood. Thus, organs failing due to oxygen deprivation can be fatal. This ailment is an emergency that has to be treated right away at a hospital. The most frequent causes of cardiogenic shock are heart attacks and heart failure.
Stages: There are a few stages in this disease:
Symptoms: An individual should be taking medical help if are experiencing any of the following symptoms of a heart attack:
Cause: The most frequent reason for cardiogenic shock is a heart attack. The primary pumping sector of heart may get damaged by a serious heart attack (left ventricle). The body can not acquire enough oxygenated blood when this occurs (Yang et al, 2020). Rarely, the right ventricle, the bottom chamber of heart, might sustain damage from cardiogenic shock. Blood is pumped from the right ventricle to lungs, where it receives oxygen before continuing to the rest of body. The following conditions can also cause heart to weaken and cause cardiogenic shock:
Diagnosis: Some diagnostics tests need to be done to find out if someone has cardiogenic shock, like
4.“Heart failure”: Congestive failure of the heart, also known as heart failure, is a degenerative “chronic condition”. Despite what the term might imply, “heart failure” is a condition where the heart is not pumping blood as effectively as it could. Hus, an individual’s organs may become damaged and fluid may build up in lungs if heart's pumping capacity is reduced. Over 870,000 people suffer from heart problems every year, and nearly six million Americans currently have the condition (Yang et al, 2020). Congestive heart failure is the most common reason for hospitalisation in adults over 65 (Yang et al, 2020).
Types of heart failure: Heart failure can have a variety of reasons, however, it typically falls under one of the following categories:
1. Left-sided:
2.Right-sided: The right side of heart might also experience cardiac failure. The most frequent cause of this is left-sided heart failure. Some lung conditions and difficulties with other organs are additional factors.
Types of coronary artery diseases:
Most people think that coronary heart disease is only about the build-up of plaque in the arteries, or atherosclerosis. But this happens in only a single type of “coronary artery disease”. There are mainly three types of “coronary artery disease”, which includes:
1. Obstructive coronary artery disease: When plaque buildup causes coronary arteries to gradually narrow down, it is called obstructive “coronary artery disease”. It is the type of “coronary artery disease” that is most prevalent and well-known. Hence, heart's blood supply may eventually be blocked as artery constriction progresses. An unexpected obstruction is a crisis. A heart attack is what it is, and it needs to be treated right away to prevent more heart damage.
2. Non-obstructive coronary artery disease: This disease does not occur because of plaque buildup like obstructive coronary disease. It happens due to other artery issues, like:
This type of coronary disease still causes some of the main symptoms of “coronary artery disease”, like pain in the chest and shortness of taking breath. . Chest pain is a common symptom of nonobstructive coronary artery disease. While anyone can acquire non-occlusive heart disease, women are more likely than men to do so.
3. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: This type of disease happens when the blood flow in the system gets partially or fully blocked by a tear in coronary arteries wall. This kind of tear can occur unexpectedly and often results in a “heart attack”. The signs of a “heart attack” might differ from person to person, but they may include:
An individual might go for a very long time without exhibiting any symptoms of coronary artery disease. CAD is a persistent disorder (Lee et al, 2018). It could take years or even decades for a plaque to grow. However, if arteries thin, an individual can feel a little uncomfortable. These symptoms demonstrate that heart tries harder to pump oxygenated blood to body. Other signs that indicate the chance of having coronary artery disease include:
There are some risk factors associated with “coronary heart disease”. Some risk factors are uncontrollable too. Some factors can be controlled by making changes to the lifestyle or by taking proper meditations.
Uncontrollable risk factors:
Risk factors that can be controlled:
Through physical examination and laboratory tests(Ghaiasiet al, 2020), healthcare professionals identify coronary artery disease. During the examination, the healthcare professional will check these things:
These pieces of information will help them to know the root cause of heart problems.
Treatment for coronary artery disease: Medications, risk factor management, and lifestyle change are frequently recommended by healthcare professionals to treat coronary artery diseases. Surgery could also be advantageous for some people (Khidoyatovaet al, 2022). The ideal course of treatment for an individual will be discussed with that person by healthcare professional. Following treatment plan is crucial if that person want to reduce risk of developing severe coronary artery disease problems.
Medications: An individual can use medications to both treat coronary artery disease symptoms and manage risk factors. Some medications that are mostly suggested by healthcare professionals are listed below:
The only person can ask these are healthcare professional. Results vary depending on the individual. The fundamental things are age, existing medical circumstances, risk factors, and symptoms will all be taken into consideration by doctor (Troseid et al, 2020). Hence, the chances of having a favourable prognosis can be increased by making lifestyle adjustments and receiving additional therapies.
“Coronary artery disease” is incurable. However, an individual can control illness and stop it from growing worse. Then the person has to follow treatment plan provided by the healthcare professional. If an individual can change by following the plan, the chances of living a better life will increase.
Maintaining compliance with the treatment plan is the most crucial action an individual can do. Medications can only help to a certain point but lifestyle changes are necessary to help the body recover faster. Additionally, it could entail a procedure or surgery, as well as the subsequent recovery period. The healthcare professional can suggest cardiac rehab in addition to the treatment. For those who are suffering from heart problems, a cardiac rehab programme is extremely beneficial. Hence, an individual can manage stress with the help of exercise, dietary adjustments, and cardiac rehab.
An individual may start thinking about heart more than usual when go through a coronary artery disease diagnosis (Nowbaret al, 2019). This maybe is intimidating and draining. Then, an individual could be stressing over symptoms or the potential outcomes a lot. It is hardly unexpected that many individuals with these diseases struggle with anxiety and sadness. That person may have a condition that could potentially be fatal. Being concerned is common. But the worry should not get to a point where it affects daily life. Even if an individual have heart disease, an individual still can have a thrilling and exciting life. Thus, the individual should have an active and fulfilling life. Hence, the person should consult a counsellor if the diagnosis is impacting mental well-being. Look for a group who has similar kinds of worries, as that person may connect with them.
Conclusion:
Coronary heart disease is becoming one of the biggest health problems in the world. Our irregular lifestyle is only increasing the chance of getting a heart attack more and more. It does not happen to only elderly people but it can happen to children too. It is getting really common nowadays. To encounter diseases like this our lifestyle has to change. The healthcare professionals would help with that. They would give an individual a proper plan to maintain health. But everyone should be aware of the risk factors that come with “coronary artery diseases”. When can this occur or when should seek medical help for this, what type of medicines can lower the risk and what side effects they can leave on the body? That is why this study has been done to make people aware of the disease and the consequences that come with it. It will help them to have a healthier and longer life.
Reference list:
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