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PSY401 Debates in Psychology Assignment

Introduction - PSY401Debates in Psychology

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This study is going to focus on the topic that ‘other people positively influence our health’. In this assignment, the positive opinion or the viewpoints for the particular topic is going to be explored as the part of establishing the bright side of this debate. In the context of this debate position, effective viewpoint is going to be explored based on published literature.

Argument on "Other people positively influence our health."

In the context of other people positively influencing health, Rieger, (2020) stated that the positive attitude of people and concerns regarding health played a significant role in positively improving health and well-being. It is seen that positive viewpoint is important for the establishment of the fact that health positivity is associated with public opinion. The author has been focused on COVID-19 situation and identify that the positive attitude of other people regarding social distancing positively influences the health of the entire community. By focusing on this aspect, I have identified that through implementing positive attitudes and health concern behaviour, others have the ability to positively influence our health.

Asmundson& Taylor (2020) argued that other people with health anxiety issues have a tendency to gather information regarding health and safety from multiple sources, and they develop maladaptive decisions and behaviour among other people. However, even if this literature stated that excess health anxiety of people creates negative or maladaptive behaviour during COVID-19 pandemic situations, it is stated that health anxiety can be subdued by collaborative effort and supporting each others to combat the health of other people. By focusing on the above data, I have identified that people with health anxiety have the ability to gather information and spread maladaptive behaviour among other people during COVID-19 pandemic situations, which creates a negative influence on the health and well-being of people. 

Similarly, Levin-Zamir&Bertschi, (2018) stated that media health literacy and e-health literacy played a significant role in improving health information among people and positively influencing health and well-being of people. This literature stated that thistwo-health literacy plays a crucial role to engage people in their health and empowering people regarding their health and well-being. The author claimed that digital health implementation tools promote health awareness and improve well-being of people. In this aspect, I have identified that implementation of effective health literacy and media health literacy allows people to access information and detailed information regarding their health, and it creates a positive effect to influence the health and well-being of people. It has been identified that health literacy allows an individual to make significant decisions regarding their health and well-being. In addition, health literacy allows people to improve the health and well-being of the social environment or community (Levin-Zamir&Bertschi, 2018). In this aspect, I have identified that implementation of health literacy has played an emerging role in improving the decision making ability of people, raising their health and well-being.

In opposed to Orbenet al. (2020) stated that social deprivation is one of common factors, which may create an equality gap and opportunity gap that may affect psychological health and well-being of people. This literature has been focused on the adolescent age group in society and identifies that social deprivation may create significant issues in the mental health of adolescents. In addition, this literature has been focused on COVID-19 pandemic situation and identify that poor social interaction and face-to-face relation affect psychological health of people, especially among adolescents. By focusing on the above discussion on social deprivation, I have identified that social deprivation and equality gap may negatively influence the health of other people. By focusing on the above discussion, it can be stated that social deprivation has the ability to negatively influence the health and well-being of people and this socialization is important for the overall health and well-being of one.

According to Beldad & Hegner, (2018), health promotion and health awareness are essential to improve health behaviour of people. This author has utilized technology acceptance models and promoted the use of fitness apps among German people. After promoting awareness and implementing technology acceptance models, this literature has identified that fitness apps allow people to improve their trust and health awareness, which positively influence health behaviour. It has been identified that implementation of fitness apps and technology acceptance models improve health valuation and social influence, which improve the health of people.

On other hand, Ntoumaniset al. (2021) reported that implementation of health promotion programs and health awareness allows people to follow significant health behaviour, which positively influences people and improve their well-being. This literature also stated that effective health promotion and health awareness does not only improve physical health, rather it creates a significant effect on psychological health and well-being of people. It has been identified that this literature promotes lifestyle intervention programs to control non-communicable diseases and improve health and well-being of people. In this aspect, by focusing on above discussion and interpretation, I have identified that implementation of health promotion programs; awareness programs and social influence improve both physical and psychological health of people. In this aspect, I believe that implementation of health promotion programs and awareness programs create positive effects to influence the health and well-being of people.

Ghenai, (2017) stated that use of the internet and social media might promote misinformation regarding health and well-being of people. This literature stated that misinformation regarding health and well-being of people might influence health negatively as this is a type of socialization based on which most of people rely on. It has been identified that misinformation regarding medical treatment allows an individual to follow maladaptive behaviour. In addition, social media misinformation may spread rumours and myths, which create negative effects on the health and well-being of people.

In addition, Walter et al. (2021) reported that social media poses multiple misinformation and it spreads rumours among people, which not only affect physical health rather it creates significant loss on psychological health and well-being. The author claimed that during COVID-19 pandemic situation, this social media created significant misinformation, which affected the health and well-being of people, and it created confusion among people. In this aspect, I have identified that excess use of social media can promote misinformation and may negatively influence the health of people. Based on the above information, I believe that excessive use of social media and spread of misinformation may negatively affect the health of people. Therefore, by focusing on the above discussion, it can be stated that good health practices can only be managed with only good influence provided by other people. 

According to Peters et al. (2018), social interaction plays a significant role in improving the health and well-being of people. This literature stated that social interaction allows an individual to feel connected and empowered, which creates a positive effect on psychological health. Therefore, this literature stated that social interaction played a significant role in positively influencing health and well-being. Social interaction and interaction with other people and animals help to improve motivation and reduce stress (Gee et al. 2017). It has been identified that increasing the level of motivation in reducing stress plays an emerging role to improve the health and well-being of people. In this aspect, it can be stated that human interaction played an emerging role to influence the health of others positively. Simultaneously, Ellis et al. (2020) reported that communication with friends and close people allow reducing stress and improves motivation. This literature claimed that during COVID-19 pandemic situation, people faced issues of stress. In this situation, more people communicate with friends, more these interactions have helped to reduce stress and influence health positively. Therefore, based on the above information, I believe that social interaction or communication with friends allows an individual to feel connected and secure, which positively influences health and well-being.

In contrast, Ringdal et al. (2020) argued that social interaction creates a negative effect on mental health and well-being. This literature stated that adolescents faced issues of bullying in school, which created a negative effect on their psychological health. The author claimed that bullying and poor psychological well-beingaffects the health and well-being of people. The author also claims that bullying in school may affect psychological health of adolescents, followed by it developing suicidal thoughts and self-harm nature. By focusing on the above discussion, it can be stated that social interaction may affect psychological health of people when bullying involved whereas positive social support from the peers can help individuals to work on suicidal and self-harm behaviour. By focusing on the above discussion, I believe that social interaction from positive people help individuals to deal with bullying, and racism might negatively influence the health of an individual.

By focusing on the above discussion, it can be stated that other people have the ability to both positively affect physical and psychological health and well-being by maintaining a collaborative approach and helping gesture.

Conclusion

Based on this debate session, it can be concluded that other people have the ability to both positively influence health of an individual. This debate session has been keeping an eye on "other people positively influence our health”. This section has been identified that social interaction, bullying, and racism .are some of the negative aspects that are needed to be controlled properly so that the health of people can be managed. Simultaneously, this debate session has been identified that suicidal and self-harm behaviour can be reduced if there are peopled who can support mentally as the part of making the individuals more positive towards life. Therefore, this debate session can be summarized that other people have the ability to positively influence public health through required support and understanding.

Reflection

I have realised the fact that debate is nothing but a collaborative approach where the common ground on a subject matter can be gained through the understanding and respecting the viewpoint of others. I have realised that active listening skill is one of the most significant aspect of managing effective teamwork within a team for better performance as well as for better understanding the viewpoints of others. I have realised I have worked well when it is about providing the supporting elements for the progress of the debate theme that is being supported with the relevant literature. I have realised that collaboration is one of the effective aspect that has helped me to deal with the teamwork regarding the progress of this particular debate. Initially, I have realised that health promotion and health awareness programs are important for the overall health and well-being and social approval regarding that from the outcome that I have gained from this research specifically. Pendleton et al. (2018) have stated that debating is one of the most effective teamwork where researching is one of the most efficient skill to propose own viewpoint. I have felt that empathy and communication are two most significant things that I need to focus on to make sure that the teamwork can bed managed so that the delegation of the tasks can be managed in a better manner. I have realised that verbal communication is important for a debate to be successful while making sure that conflict as the part of teamwork is being managed properly without any issue. Basically, some of the skills that I have developed from researching for this chosen topic are the analysis and evaluating the information so that own viewpoint can be established. Apart from that, I have gained the knowledge about methodological idea regarding the fact that positive health promotion and health awareness programs create positive effects, and it positively influences the health and well-being of individuals. However, my knowledge and the research has helped me to present my evaluation on the chosen matter, still I have found it is difficult to work on withstanding the rebuttal of the opposing side effectively as the part of making the overall debate more clear as well as structured. I have realized some of the mistakes regarding debates because I have the ability to present quotes and statistics while debating. This can be seen as one of my shortcomings which I need to work on further to gain excellence on debating. I have realized that debate is all about strategy and providing proof for the assessment of own viewpoint. I have realized that along with researching I should have worked on my note-taking ability to provide more efficient quote or data. I have understood the ability of using logic and analysis of the opposing viewpoint has helped me to work on the aspects of debate properly. I have realized that I need to provide the overview of my arguments to make sure that each argument is being made side by side.

References

Asmundson, G. J., & Taylor, S. (2020). How health anxiety influences responses to viral outbreaks like COVID-19: What all decision-makers, health authorities, and health care professionals need to know. Journal of anxiety disorders71, 102211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102211

Beldad, A. D., &Hegner, S. M. (2018).Expanding the technology acceptance model with the inclusion of trust, social influence, and health valuation to determine the predictors of German users’ willingness to continue using a fitness app: A structural equation modeling approach. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction34(9), 882-893. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2017.1403220

Ellis, W. E., Dumas, T. M., & Forbes, L. M. (2020). Physically isolated but socially connected: Psychological adjustment and stress among adolescents during the initial COVID-19 crisis. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement52(3), 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000215

Gee, N. R., Griffin, J. A., &McCardle, P. (2017). Human–animal interaction research in school settings: Current knowledge and future directions. Aera Open3(3), 2332858417724346.

Ghenai, A. (2017, July). Health misinformation in search and social media.In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Digital Health (pp. 235-236). https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/handle/10012/15268/Ghenai_Amira.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y

Levin-Zamir, D., &Bertschi, I. (2018).Media health literacy, eHealth literacy, and the role of the social environment in context. International journal of environmental research and public health15(8), 1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081643

Ntoumanis, N., Ng, J. Y., Prestwich, A., Quested, E., Hancox, J. E., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., ...& Williams, G. C. (2021). A meta-analysis of self-determination theory-informed intervention studies in the health domain: effects on motivation, health behavior, physical, and psychological health. Health psychology review15(2), 214-244. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2020.1718529

Orben, A., Tomova, L., & Blakemore, S. J. (2020).The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health4(8), 634-640. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS2352-4642(20)30186-3/fulltext?utm_medium=msn

Pendleton, L. H., Ahmadia, G. N., Browman, H. I., Thurstan, R. H., Kaplan, D. M., & Bartolino, V. (2018). Debating the effectiveness of marine protected areas. ICES Journal of Marine Science75(3), 1156-1159. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsx154

Peters, D., Calvo, R. A., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Designing for motivation, engagement and wellbeing in digital experience. Frontiers in psychology9, 797. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00797

Rieger, M. O. (2020). What makes young people think positively about social distancing during the corona crisis in Germany?. Frontiers in Sociology5, 61. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2020.00061

Ringdal, R., Espnes, G. A., Eilertsen, M. E. B., BjØrnsen, H. N., &Moksnes, U. K. (2020). Social support, bullying, school-related stress and mental health in adolescence. Nordic Psychology72(4), 313-330. https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2019.1710240

Walter, N., Brooks, J. J., Saucier, C. J., & Suresh, S. (2021). Evaluating the impact of attempts to correct health misinformation on social media: A meta-analysis. Health Communication36(13), 1776-1784. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1794553

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