Level 5 Leadership and Management in Adult Social Care Services Case Study

Managing Health and Wellbeing in Adult Social Care Service Delivery

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Introduction

The aim of this proposed assessment is to highlight leadership and management in adult care. More specifically, the purpose of this assessment is to focus on health and well-being in adult care and evaluate the importance of equality, diversity, and human rights to lead to person-centred practice. The importance of regulatory standards in health and social care is to underpin the best practice within the adult care service sector. Though, in this service provision, leaders can face unique sets of challenges, and managers, on the other hand, needs progress. Therefore, for healthcare professionals and leaders, it should be important to be able to develop specific knowledge and skills essential for managing care and support services in adult social care setups. In this assessment, therefore focus will be given to the evaluation of the range of factors that can influence the health and well-being of people, and the roles and responsibilities of others to promote the well-being of individuals. In section two, the focus will be given on summarizing the legislative practices that underpin equality, diversity, and human rights in adult and social care service set-up. In section three, the focus will be given on the different care approaches and evaluation of the effectiveness of policies and procedures related to adult care service settings.

Discussion

Section One

1. Evaluate the range of factors that may influence an individual’s health and well-being

The well-being of individuals can be affected by several factors which may include the following:

• Environmental: in adult care, the home environment or physical dwelling can impact the health and well-being of the people. Home-based environmental factors include climate or the general temperatures where the person is living, amount of sunlight he is getting, and level of exposure to natural disasters; crime levels within the home can negatively impact the mental well-being of the people (Søvold et al., 2021).
• Physical: physical health status, for example, the type of food consumed by an individual, age of the individual, physical habits like consumption level of nutrients and healthy foods, level of physical activities, exercise- these are the physical determinants that can impact health and well-being of an individual. For example, a lack of physical exercise, or excessive consumption of fast food can impact on physical function, and metabolism of an adult, which in turn can impact the mental well-being of that person negatively (Wang et al., 2019).
• Social: social exclusion is one of the major factors which can impact the health and well-being of an individual. An adult individual can feel socially excluded for several reasons, like poverty, disabilities, mental illness, learning disabilities, and old age. This exclusion, in turn, can negatively affect psychological health- the person can become stigmatized and tend to isolate themselves from their surroundings which in turn can affect their physical health negatively.
• Psychological factor: old age with physical discomfort is one of the major psychological factors that in turn can impact the health and well-being of adults. According to many researchers, ageing-induced physical ailment cannot be the primary source of lower quality of life or can be the cause of decreased well-being of individuals. Rather than the mental health, stigma, degree of anxiety, and mind setup of an individual can impact the mental and physical well-being of an individual considerably (Søvold et al., 2021). Ageing is an inevitable factor that is associated with the mood and quality of lifestyle of people. With the ascend of age, people used to become physically impaired, which in turn can make that person socially isolated, and anxious. The majority of the time, society used to discriminate against people based on their age and physical abilities. Therefore, an old individual who is physically disabled used to get easily discriminated against or isolate from the surroundings and this can make that person, stigmatized and depressed. Additionally, lack f financial resources, lack of employment, and burden of debt are also psychological factors that can impact on health and well-being of people.

2. Analyse your own role, and the role of others, in monitoring, assessing, and promoting individuals’ wellbeing

When it comes to monitoring, assessing, and promoting the well-being of adult individuals, the roles and responsibilities of nurses and healthcare supporters can never be denied. The primary role of a nurse is to become a caregiver for the adults in the care setup, by managing their needs, treating their health conditions, and prescribing essential medication to suppress the onset of disease or illness (Wang et al., 2019). To fulfil this role, the nurses and caregivers must be good observers, so that they can monitor and assess the health status of patients in a precise way and record the relevant data, and aid in the treatment-based decision-making process. The role of a nurse or caregivers along with any healthcare professionals and care supports in adult care set up are :

• Conduct frequent medical examinations
• Record medical history in detail.
• Monitor the heart rate, bp, operate medical equipment, admit or take care of the patient as per their health needs
• Perform the medical test as necessary.
• Ensure the comfort of the patient.

In patient advocacy in adult care setup, the role of nurses and healthcare professionals can never be denied. more specifically, when it comes to monitoring, assessing, and establishing the physical and psychological well-being of individuals, the role of clinicians and nurses is to offer emotional support to the patient and his family (Stellefson et al., 2020). A nurse should try to understand people with specific needs and prepare treatment by listening to them and assessing their physical, emotional, mental, spiritual, and cultural needs.

Apart from the nurses and healthcare professionals, the role of family members and surroundings can never be denied when it comes to monitoring, assessing, and promoting the health and well-being of the people. Families can offer strong and adequate mental and physical support to an individual with specific needs so that they can live healthy lives. Additionally, this support can help that person with specific needs to develop the ability to prevent disease. A family member can also encourage people to go for early diagnosis, and treatment to avert and delay complications (World Health Organization, 2021). Additionally, family members should look after the person with specific needs and monitor and understand the basic needs of their living. The family members and surroundings will also be responsible to offer resources that can help the individual with specific needs to cope with their ongoing stress and enhancement of self-esteem, and it can lead that person to live a higher livelihood.

As a practitioner, my role to support an individual for health and well-being will be to provide an adequate amount of mental and physical support to people with specific needs. I will look after the medication of the individual and check whether they are leading a healthy livelihood or not, I will also try to motivate or encourage individuals with specific needs associated with social gatherings or arrangements, to adopt healthy lifestyles like regular exercise or having nutritional foods. This can help the individuals to develop self-confidence level and help them to be socially accustomed (Kurian, 2020). When an individual with specific needs feels welcome in social gatherings, he or she will start feeling confident and try to live a healthy livelihood, which in turn can impact positively their mental well-being. Additionally, it should also be monitored that the workers (nurses or caregivers) are accountable to follow the Code of Conducts ad contract of duty. Registered practitioners will also be accountable to the regulatory bodies when it comes to maintaining standards of practice and patient care.

3. Describe your own role in providing sufficient training, support, and supervision to enable others to monitor the individual’s health and wellbeing

As a practitioner, my role to provide sufficient training, support, and supervision to make people enable for monitoring an individual’s health and well-being would be:

• I will organize basic induction training on how to work safely, including the arrangement of managing first aid boxes
• Young workers used to be vulnerable to accidents therefore, as a practitioner I will try to pay attention to their needs. In training, the needs of their young workers should be prioritized first- as it can help the workers like nurses or caregivers to be committed to their specific roles.
• I will also set up health and safety laws for the employees, where-the people responsible to take care of others' health and safety will ensure their health and safety at first (McNeilly, 2019).
• promote the cooperative working approach and ensure that the nurses and caregivers are capable to comply with the health and safety legislation while offering care and support to the individual with specific needs
• it will also be ensured that the crew must know about the possible risks and hazards within the workplace setup here, I can maintain START or safety training assessment and record tool as the initial stage to provide minimum safety training to all the nurses, and caregivers (Funk and Bold, 2020)
• Required Safety and Compliance Training program can also be arranged, where the nurses and caregivers can get additional information about how to handle the risks and hazardous or any accidental scenarios while providing care and support to people with specific needs

4. Analyse how to ensure lines of accountability and responsibility are understood for delegated healthcare tasks

To ensure that the nurses and caregivers are accountable and responsible enough to delegate their healthcare tasks to people with specific needs, the focus will be given to the extent to which the nurses and caregivers are following the Care Act, of 2014 (Lawson and Beckett, 2021). In the UK, the Care Act, of 2014 has been enforced to reform the law related to the care and support of adults this law is also important to make provisions about safeguarding adults from any kind of abuse or neglect, to make provision for developing care standards. According to the Care Act of 2014, it should be monitored or ensured to what extent, the health service providers are accountable to make sure that their activities can meet the legal requirement. As per the duty of care, the HCAs, Aps, nursing associates, registered nurses, and doctors will perform straightforward activities while undertaking complex surgery or application of medication and providing physical and psychological care support to the adults. In this scenario, all the practitioners, as per the Care Act 2014, should ensure that they are responsible and accountable enough to meet the level of competency while offering care support to the adult with specific needs (Waddington and Priestley, 2021). To be accountable, practitioners must ensure that,

• They have the ability to perform an activity or intervention
• They are responsible enough to do the activities
• They have the authority to perform the activity via delegation and by complying with the policies and protocols

According to the Care Act of 2014, nurses and healthcare professionals, including caregivers must oblige with the duty of care and liabilities while offering care and supports to adults with specific needs (Košir and Lakshminarayanan, 2021). While delegating activities, it should be monitored whether the nurses, healthcare supporters, or caregivers are delegating their healthcare tasks, in an apt way. according to the healthcare standards, in the UK, nurses and caregivers should be accountable for their decision regarding the offering of delegated healthcare tasks and duty of care to the people. Here it should be monitored:

• The nurses are capable to delegate tasks and duties which are within the person’s competence
• Here it should be ensured that the tasks which are being delegated by the nurses are adequately supervised and supported
• Here it should be confirmed that the outcome of the task that nurses are delegated to people with specific needs can meet the healthcare standards

Section Two

1. Summarise the legislation underpinning equality, diversity, inclusion, and human rights

There are five key legislations that underpin equality, diversity, inclusion, and human rights:

• Equality Act, 2010: This legislation sheds light on equality and diversity. According to this legislative principle, it should be essential to ensure that every individual can receive health and social care irrespective of race, gender, age, and nationality. This act is used to protect the people who are receiving care and the workers that provide care support from being treated unfairly. This act includes the “protected characteristics”, which are “age, gender, disabilities, and social belief” (Ziersch et al., 2020)
• The Human Rights Act, 1998: this legislative principle is used to protect the most vulnerable people within a community, including the people who are in need and tend to receive care and support. This legislation sheds light on basic human rights and the principle of equality. The five principles of this legislation are respect, fairness, dignity, and equality, And autonomy (Ballard et al., 2020). More specifically, the Human Rights Act, of 1998 was used to set the fundamental rights and freedom of the people of the UK. it encompasses the rights which are being set up by the European Convention for Human Rights or ECHR under domestic British Law.
• Care Act 2014: This legislation underpins health and social care support for vulnerable adults. This act is used to cover adult social and health care for people over the age of 18 years. this principle aims to ensure that healthcare professionals are working in collaboration to create an integrated approach to offering health and social care support to adults with specific needs.
• Race Relation Act 2000: the Race Relation (Amendment) Act, 2000 refers that it is the general duty of any public authorities to eliminate the practice of unlawful racial discrimination in workplace setup. This law also refers to promoting equality, and equal opportunities for every individual irrespective of disabilities, or race. As per this legislation, it should be important to maintain good relations between people from different racial groups. more specifically, the Race relation Act, of 2000 used to stress the duty of public authorities to actively promote equality within society. This act amends in 2000 to impose the regulation and duty on many public authorities and schools for stressing on promoting racial equality within society (Wong and Yang, 2021).
• Codes of practice within the healthcare sector: according to the NHS code of practice in the healthcare sector- The Code of Practice on Confidential Information must be followed by every organization that gathers, analyzes, publishes, or disseminates confidential health and care information. It outlines in detail the actions that organizations must, should, and may take to guarantee the proper handling of sensitive information. The guideline will assist firms in setting up the proper frameworks and practices to ensure that front-line employees abide by confidentiality laws (Bonetto et al., 2021). It offers good practice recommendations to individuals, such as board members, who are in charge of establishing and upholding organisational policy for the management of private health and care information.

2. Analyse the societal and historical influences underpinning equality, diversity, inclusion, and human rights

The Societal and Historic Influence of Human Rights

• 1679: Habeas Corpus Act can be considered as one of the major social and historical influences towards the development of human rights activists, in the UK. This act can be considered as a crucial step towards the set up of rights to a fair trial, as this law protects and is used to extend the rights of detained individuals to go before the judge for determining whether the detention is legalized or not.
• 1689: English Bill of Rights is the legal principle that can be considered as another important moment in the politic of Britain as it limits the power of the monarch and set out the rights of parliament (Beghetto et al., 2021). This act includes the freedom of people to submit a petition to the monarch, the freedom of unusual and unlawful punishment, and the freedom from being fined without any trial.
• 1950: the European Convention on Human Rights is an important treaty where the stress has been given on securing the basic rights of the citizen of Britain and other nationalities.
• 1948: Universal Declaration of Human Rights: it can be considered as the foundation of current human rights. After Second WW, the international community determined the essentiality of collectively expanding human rights (Li et al., 2021). By adopting the rules and regulations of the General Assembly of the United Nation, the 1948 declaration sets a range of rights and freedom which can be practised by everyone, stay at everywhere.

The Social and historic influence of Equality, Diversity and Inclusion

In the United Kingdom, the social and historic influence to set up equality, diversity and inclusion includes the incident on 21^st June 1948. On this day, HMT SS Windrush arrived at Tilbury port, as one of the first large groups of immigrants from the Caribbean to England. Many of the people in this group used to live and work in England during the war and they wished to return for equal opportunities (Adalla et al., 2022). The Windrush scandal sheds light on the people who are wrongly detained, denied legal rights and being threatened with deportation. This incident forced the UK government to revise and set up a law for equality, diversity and inclusion within society.

On 1^st July 1972, the first grey march was held in London, where more than 1000 people took an active part. this event was the celebration of personal identity and self-expression. This event is also important as, in current times this event can be considered the foundation of developing equal rights for the LGBTQIAA+ community and people from other backgrounds (Allen et al., 2022).

3. Analyse the impact of legal, societal and historical influencers on their own role in promoting a culture that values equality, diversity, inclusion and human rights.

Considering all the legal setup, legislative practices, and social and historic influence towards the development of equality, diversity, and inclusion, it can be stated that, it is important to ensure that equality and diversity have been maintained in workplace setup. This aspect can also help me to understand the importance of performance appraisal (Caiels et al., 2021). As a leader, it becomes essential for me to carry out performance appraisals to manage diversity and equality, which can be acquired by conducting a culture and management system audit. The practice of this audit can also help me as a leader to ensure that inclusion and human rights are also being practised within the workplace setup, specifically when it comes to delivering care support to adults with specific needs.

Moreover, the impact of legal, social and historical influences has made me understand that equality and diversity are essential components in health and social care, and to promote these two components, a leader must develop the following attributes:

• Empathy: To be empathetic towards others
• Cooperative: always promote a collaborative working approach within the workplace setup (Cao et al ., 2020)
• Listening capability: must listen to the team members and value others to set up mutual understandings

These attributes can help me as a leader to motivate people within a team to treat others and every team member equally; the people get the dignity and respect that they deserve.

4. Evaluate the impact of discriminatory or closed cultures on individuals and others

Culture can be defined as the pattern of ideas, behaviours, and customs carried out by the people and within a particular society. Culture is used to be evolved constantly. The influence of culture or cultural beliefs on health is massive. It can affect the perception of health and well-being, illness, and beliefs about the treatment process. death and approach towards health intervention or promotion. The term “closed culture” refers to the poor culture practised in health and social care services, which can increase the risk of harm (Daldeniz and Hampton, 2019). The closed culture may include the breaching of human rights or the abuse of people. The development of closed culture can be unintentional or deliberate, which in turn can cause unacceptable harm to a person who is supposed to receive health care or provide care and support to others. The impact of closed culture on individuals and others within a workplace setup will include:

• staff might lack of right skills, training and experiences to support others
• the staff can have a lack of motivation and commitment towards their duties ad responsibilities, which in turn can affect their, and organisational performance negatively (Grossberndt and Liu, 2019)
• weak leadership
• lack of supervision at workplace setup can lead the staff to be dehumanized those to whom they are supposed to deliver care or healthcare services

on the other hand, social discrimination can have a negative impact on health and social care support and service provision. Social discrimination refers to the practice of differentiating treatment for individuals with specific needs based on their characteristics (race, ethnicity, nationality, gender, age, income status, and medical condition). In the healthcare setup, social discrimination can manifest the belief, behavioural approaches, and attitudes of the clinicians, which in turn can significantly impact the service provision being delivered to the deprived population within society (Schneider and Harknett, 2019). Above all, health-compromising outcomes related to social discrimination can increase the physical stress among the service users and providers, poor compliance with the Care standards, cause patient disengagement and develop healthcare avoidance behavior, which in turn can contribute to the mortality rate, and increased disease burden within a society.

5. Analyse how own and others’ values, beliefs, and experiences can impact practices and behaviours relating to equality, diversity, inclusion, and human rights

Own and others’ values, beliefs, and experiences can have a significant impact on practising equality, inclusion, and human rights within workplace setup, specifically, when it comes to delivering care services to adults.

• Attitude: personal beliefs and attitudes can influence the way an individual or others perceive and communicate with people who come from diverse backgrounds. For example, people who have negative stereotypic perceptions towards any specific race or ethnicity can unintentionally or intentionally practice racial discrimination.
• Communication: Communication styles among people can differ depending on cultural values and beliefs. For instance, while making direct eye contact may be perceived as confrontational in some cultures, it may also be a sign of respect and attention in others. These disparities in communication styles have the potential to lead to misinterpretations and block productive conversation (Kurian, 2020).
• Policy and procedures: The policies and procedures of an organization can be impacted by the values and beliefs of individuals in positions of authority. This practice can affect how employees and clients are treated. For instance, attempts to attract and keep diverse talent may not be prioritized if an organization’s leadership does not value diversity and inclusion (White, 2021).
• Personal experiences: personal experiences can provide shape our own beliefs and attitudes towards different groups of people. For instance, if I have experienced discrimination in a workplace setup or go through stereotypic prejudice, it can impact my work performance and commitment to my responsibilities negatively (Kojima et al ., 2019).

Therefore, it is important to recognize the influence of own and others’ values, beliefs, and experiences in reference to equality, diversity, human rights, and inclusion. By acknowledging these factors, we can work collaboratively with others as a team which can help to create a more inclusive and equitable workplace setup.

6. Evaluate your own and others’ ability to positively respond to people’s differences to achieve better outcomes

There are several ways, by which I or others can positively respond to differences between people in terms of acquiring better outcomes:

• Developing the awareness of personal biases: here other people must have the ability to recognize their own biases or assumptions towards cultural diversity and people with different approaches. Personal biases can create barriers to effective collaboration and communication, which in turn can negatively affect the care approach.
• Cultural competence: people, in health and social care setup, must develop cultural competencies. It includes the practice of understanding and respecting different cultures and social beliefs which can influence the health care practice and behaviours. Healthcare professionals need to the trained for developing knowledge about cultural competence. This can promote a more inclusive and diversified working environment in the healthcare setup (Søvold et al., 2021).
• Empathy: an individual must develop empathy when it comes to working within a team or offering care and support to people with specific needs. The ability to be empathetic toward others, and their experiences regarding their needs, requirements or health issues. It is an essential aspect when it comes to positively responding to others. health care professionals must adopt empathy, as they have to deal with many people, who come from different backdrops and perceive different mindsets up (Wang et al., 2019)
• Collaboration: the ability to do work in a collaborative way is another important attribute when it comes to highlighting inclusion, human rights, and equality in a workplace setup. In the healthcare setup, collaborative care includes the partnership working with patients and their families and other healthcare professionals. This ability can help to address unique health needs and it can also promote a shared decision-making approach.

7. Evaluate how the service promotes, values, and celebrates equality, diversity, inclusion, and human rights.

Service that promotes values and celebrates equality, diversity and inclusion should take different measures to ensure that the services can meet the needs of the diverse population. The way, health and social care services or any other services can promote and celebrate equality, diversity, inclusion and human rights are:

• Accessible service: it should be ensured that the health and social care service will be accessible to every individual regardless of their disabilities, ethnicity, cultural dimension or backdrop
• Inclusive policies and process- it should be ensured that the health and social care service must have inclusive policies which can promote diversity and human rights. The policies should be set up in such a way that it can protect people from any kind of discrimination and can provide legal protection to access basic rights (Stellefson et al., 2020)
• Training: the staff should avail proper training so that they can develop mutual understandings with the people. The training should also include the matters like cultural diversity, human rights, the care act, and equality so that every service provider can maintain equality as well as equity in service provision
• Encouraging feedback: In a health and social care service scenario, the service providers should encourage feedback from the people. It should be important to understand whether the needs of the people are being fulfilled properly or not and the effectiveness of the services. Feedback can help to improve the quality of the service being offered to people with specific needs (Wang et al., 2020)
• Partnership and collaborative working approach: in collaborative service, the health and social care professionals can work as a team and can promote equality, diversity, and human rights through the development of mutual understandings and the sharing of information. Collaboration enables services to benefit from one another's expertise and create fresh approaches to pressing problems.

Section Three

1. Evaluate the features, principles, drivers and values of: • strength-based approaches; • person-centred practice; • active participation • outcomes-based practice

• Strength-based approaches

This is a type of intervention that focuses on empowering an individual by improving their strength rather than their deficiency or weakness (Allen et al. 2022). The prime feature of this approach is that this approach has a positive focus, holistic nature, and a person-centred and collaborative approach. The principle of this approach is mainly oriented with asset-based thinking, empowerment, optimism, and hope as it mainly focuses on utilizing the strengths of the individual rather than the weaknesses. As per Caiels et al. (2021), the key drivers of this approach are mainly the focus on strengths and empowerment for individuals by taking control of their lives through the strengths of an individual. The values that are promoted by the strength-based approach are oriented toward empowerment, collaboration, hope, and person-centred care.

• Person-centred practice

Person-centred practice is an approach to healthcare and social services that places the individual's needs and preferences at the forefront of their care. As highlighted by Madden et al. (2020), this approach prioritizes respect for the person's autonomy, dignity, and worth, and aims to empower them to take an active role in their care. Its features include collaboration and mutual respect between the person and the healthcare or social services provider, as well as a holistic approach that takes into account the person's physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs. The principles underlying this approach include a commitment to respecting the person's autonomy, recognizing their unique experiences and culture, and providing high-quality, holistic care that addresses all aspects of their well-being. It is primarily driven by the importance of patient-centred care, increasing emphasis on consumer-driven healthcare, and it is oriented with the values of addressing the complex needs of an ageing and diverse population are some of the drivers that have led to the adoption of this approach.

• Active participation

It is an approach that emphasises the involvement of individuals in decision-making and taking an active role in their care. It is characterized by features such as encouraging self-management and collaboration between individuals and healthcare or social services providers (Herfelt et al. 2019). The features and principles of active participation include the right of individuals to make informed decisions about their care, tailoring care to their individual needs and preferences, and the importance of collaborative working respectively. The drivers of active participation reflect the increasing importance of person-centred care, the prevalence of complex health needs, and the desire for greater patient empowerment. The values of active participation include respect for individuals' autonomy and expertise, empowerment, collaboration, and recognition of their experiences. Overall, active participation seeks to promote individuals' independence and well-being through involvement, respect, and collaboration.

• Outcomes-based practice:

The outcomes-based practice focuses on achieving measurable and observable results or outcomes, using evidence-based interventions and practices that are effective. As stated by Daldeniz. and Hampton (2019), its features include regular monitoring, measurement, and evaluation of progress toward outcomes, as well as collaboration with service users, carers, and other stakeholders in defining and prioritizing outcomes. The principles of outcomes-based practice include clear definition and measurement of outcomes, collaborative goal-setting, and decision-making, and continuous monitoring and evaluation of progress towards outcomes. Drivers for outcomes-based practice include the increasing demand for accountability and transparency in service delivery, and the need to demonstrate the effectiveness and value of interventions. Values that underpin outcomes-based practice include a commitment to achieving meaningful and measurable outcomes for service users, a focus on evidence-based practice, and continuous quality improvement

2. Analyse the relationship between strength-based approaches and person-centred practice on outcomes-based practices, and the individuals’ health and wellbeing, independence, choice and control

There is a subtle relationship between the strength-based approach and person-centred practice. During that time when both of the approaches work together, they keep their sole focus on offering well-being, control along with choice to their individuals (Kelly et al 2019). To derive the outcome-based practice, the application of both of these approaches together is effective. Strength-based approach is efficient to work on the talent, skills, and most importantly, strengths of an individual instead of focusing on the boundaries of the individual. It influences the positive relationship, personal growth, and resiliency of an individual which leads to gaining self-determination. On the other hand, a person-centred approach is an effective tool that helps an individual to understand as well as to respond as per the requirements and preferences of an individual. While working together, both of these approaches play an important role to focus on the skills and strengths of an individual and stay engaged to make effective decisions that result in promoting a healthy and well-being outcome (Celik et al. 2020). This aspect helps and offers support to individuals to attain their goals and aspirations.

3. Analyse the role of partnerships, collaboration and coproduction with individuals and others in enabling individuals to achieve their desired outcomes

Collaboration, partnership, and co-production- these three aspects go side by side to build a strong community within individuals. This acts as an essential medium to enhance teamwork and resolve every potential issue. With the development of partnership and collaboration, an individual becomes able to stay interconnected with each other which improves working efficiency along with making an individual steady to attain their common goals (Herfelt et al. 2019). Co-production and collaboration help in pooling all the skills, resources, and strengths of both individuals to attain a specific goal. The primary function of these aspects is the following:

• Pooling new resources

Pooling resources, skills, and strengths of both individuals to complete a single task facilitates the workability of a team. While partnering with other individuals or companies, it excels the knowledge of an individual and makes them tap into some new resources that enable the person to attain their desired outcome.

• Gaining new perspectives

Collaboration, co-production, and partnership are efficient tools to gain a diverse perspective on a matter (Madden et al. 2020). This leads an individual to evaluate different approaches and strategies that can facilitate the performance of an individual to accomplish the desired outcome.

• Enhancing problem-solving skills

Partnership and collaboration work side by side which improves gaining multiple new ideas within oneself and thus, it boosts the problem-solving skills of an individual. Merging skills with other organizations or other individuals expands the arena of knowledge and talents that help resolve complex issues in this interconnected world.

• Improving sustainability

The more an individual works with another person, it enables the person gains the power to build a strong and resilient working system that will effectively help the individual to deal with changes (Caiels et al. 2021). Continuous upgradation in knowledge, skills, and ideas make the individual stay firm in long-term sustainability and attain the desired goal.

• Offering motivation and support

As both individuals work towards the same goal during the time of partnership, collaboration, and co-production, it often works as a tool of motivation and support. Therefore, these aspects are effective for an individual to stay focused and perpetrated to accomplish the desired outcome of the individual.

4. Evaluate own service’s role in enabling individuals to build and maintain relationships and connections to their community

An individual needs to keep community connections along with relationships that can maintain the overall well-being and health of individuals (Allen et al. 2020). In context to service, it must be a prime criterion for a service to offer opportunities to individuals to participate in programs that can work on the relationship and community connections. The primary role of service in this regard includes:

• Carving ways for social interaction

Service often offers social events that provide an individual opportunity to connect to others and build strong relationships with each other.

• Promoting positive changes

Service is an important tool to address the requirements of the community and help build a strong connection with community people (Madden et al. 2020). Mutual respect is built between each other that in turn, allows the individuals to identify their challenges and make progress to attain their own goals.

• Offering support and resources

Service plays an important role to provide support to a community such as funding, technical assistance, or some kind of training that can facilitate the lifestyle of the community and help the individual to build a strong community connection (Herfelt et al. 2019).

5. Explain how integrated service provision that crosses traditional boundaries achieves better outcomes for individuals

Integrated service provision indicates an approach that is collaborative by nature and it includes a collaboration between the agencies, professionals, and organizations to facilitate comprehensive services. As opined by Cao et al. (2020), the integrated service provision primarily aims towards breaking down the traditional boundaries that are facilitated by various providers of services and it helps facilitate much personalized and coordinated support. In that context, it can be highlighted that by crossing traditional boundaries, integrated service providers can derive a much better outcome through several means. The approaches can be specified below:

• Holistic approach: with the implementation of this approach the service provider can provide support based on the social, emotional, and physical necessities of an individual. As stated by Kandoi et al. (2022), through the accumulation of different service providers, Individuals can derive an enhanced comprehensive support package that addresses all necessary aspects of their livelihood.
• Early intervention: through integrated service provision the providers can implement early intervention and interrupt any issue that is created for individuals across traditional boundaries. As per the views of Adalla et al. (2022), with the means of Early Intervention, the existing issues faced by individuals across traditional boundaries can be recognized early on, due to which a situation of crisis can be avoided and timely support can be provided for enhancing the outcome.
• Enhanced communication: Improved communication between service providers can reduce duplication of services and prevent gaps in service provision for individuals across traditional boundaries.
• Better outcome: This approach puts the individual at the centre of care, ensuring that services are tailored to their specific needs and preferences. As opined by Grossberndt and Liu (2019), providing a more coordinated and personalized support system integrated service provision can lead to better outcomes for individuals, such as improved health and well-being, increased independence and self-esteem, and better engagement with education or employment

Therefore, it can be analyzed that integrated service provision can prove to be beneficial as it facilitates enhanced outcomes for individuals across traditional boundaries through personalization and coordination for complex needs. In other words, breaking traditional boundaries and cooperating with other service providers can enhance the support quality that is provided to individuals.

6. Evaluate the importance of proactive approaches in supporting individuals to build and maintain relationships

In a workplace setup, proactivity is considered one of the best ways to make a decision. many people used to follow a proactive approach when it comes to looking after their health and well-being. Proactivity in any workplace setup can facilitate preparedness and confidence when it comes to controlling any anticipated situation. A proactive approach can enable people to make decisions in a well-informed way and from experiences rather than scrambling in unexpected or uncertain situations. Another importance of the proactive approach is the development of a goal-oriented mindset, which can make people enable to focus on actions beneficial in long run.

7. Analyse how open, proactive cultures that support individuals’ rights to have the relationships they choose can reduce or minimise risks

 The advantage of being proactive to support the individual's rights are as followed:

• Better internal understanding: A leader with a proactive working approach can promote motivation and mutual understanding within teamwork. The constant drive towards improvement can lead people for acquiring better insight into their roles and responsibilities. This in turn can improve the strengths, and performance efficacy of the people to a considerable extent. On the other hand, with the development of mutual understanding, people within a team can practice valuing and respecting others which helps an organisation to maintain human rights within the workplace setup (White and Van Der Boor, 2020).
• Effective communication platform: in the proactive working set-up, the people and leaders are asked to use open and bi-directional communication processes in written and spoken ways (Kurian, 2020). These abilities and platforms can help people share information and ideas. Additionally, this approach can also ensure the transparent sharing of information from one level to another and assure the confidentiality of data within the workplace setup.

8. Explain the range and types of support an individual may need to maintain and build relationships, and when external services may be required

When someone needs to use outside services, it can affect their capacity to uphold and develop interpersonal connections. To maintain and develop relationships during this time, an individual may require the following range and sorts of support:

• Support on an emotional level: Change can be unpleasant, and the person may feel overwhelmed or anxious. They may find it easier to control their emotions and deal with the circumstance if they have emotional support from friends, family, or a counsellor (Tinanoff et al., 2019).
• Support on a practical level: The person could want assistance with duties that they are unable to complete while attending appointments or caring for their health. Their burden can be lessened by practical assistance from friends or family, such as grocery shopping or child care.
•  Communication support: When a person's service needs have an impact on their capacity for communication, maintaining connections can be difficult. A speech therapist's assistance or assistive technology can help them get past these obstacles and maintain contact with their loved ones (Kojima et al., 2019).
• Information Assistance: In order to obtain the services they require, the person may need assistance navigating complicated service systems. A social worker or advocacy group can provide them with information support to help them through the process and guarantee they get the right services (Ziersch et al., 2020).

9. Analyse how positive risk-taking can contribute to the achievement of positive outcomes for individuals

The benefit of positive risk-taking towards achieving positive outcomes at workplace setup refers that:

Supporting individuals to take risks in workplace setup is not about encouraging them to drive fast cars, rather it is the practice of making individuals capable of taking control of their decision-making process. Positive risk-taking can help people to develop:

• Confidence
• New skills and attributes
• Teach the people how to take and fulfil responsibilities (Li et al., 2021)
• Promote learning abilities from mistakes
• Positive risk-taking abilities can help people to manage emotional constraints
• Enable people to learn from uncertainty
• Develop self-esteem, and give people the power to make the decision in all areas

10. Evaluate the impact of a risk-averse culture on person-centred practice and the well-being of individuals

Risk-averse culture emphasises and prioritises risk avoidance in clinical and therapeutic goals which invariably can lead to the excessive restriction of practising human rights. The actual meaning of risk-averse means not being willing to do something if it increases the level of risk within any situation.

Person-centred health care is a strategy that centres on the patient and takes their unique needs, preferences, and values into account when making decisions about their care. The aims of person-centred care may be at odds with a risk-averse culture's emphasis on preventing potential negative outcomes or harm (Bonetto et al., 2021).

Even when these solutions may be more in line with the patient's tastes and values, healthcare professionals may be hesitant to recommend alternative or unconventional therapies in a risk-averse culture. This might lead to a lack of individualization in healthcare decisions, which would lower patient participation and happiness.

11. Evaluate the considerations which need to be applied in the management of positive risk-taking

Communication and consultation are two important considerations which need to be applied in managing a positive risk-taking process. Communication plans with both internal and external stakeholders can help individuals to understand and predict the risk at an earlier stage of the process. On the other hand consultation with management can help an individual to blueprint a road map for tackling the risk, if arise in any workplace scenario.

12. Analyse how supporting others to balance risks and rights promotes person-centred practices

To motivate people for carrying out the risk assessment, when:

• At the initial stage of planning activities
• when planning new initiatives or facilities
• when to practice new work processes to meet the specific needs of people

13. Evaluate own and others' practice in leading a balanced approach to risk-taking

 A balanced approach to risk-taking will include the following:

• Identification of potential risk: before taking any action, consider what risk may appear. This risk can be accompanied by patient's health and safety
• Weigh the risk against the outcome: after identifying the risk, determine the level of uncertainty that may arise from the identified risk. Weigh the risk against the desired outcome and benefits (Stellefson et al., 2020)
• Involve the patient: communicate and take feedback from the patient and value their ideas regarding the services being delivered to them (Ballard et al., 2020)
• Regular review: Add updateof the risk management plan
• Consult with colleagues: there is a balanced approach to risk-taking tahr I or any healthcare professional must concern with while offering care and support to adults.

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