Nurse Patient Communication & Satisfaction Review Assignment Sample

Chapter 1 - Introduction

Background of the Study

In the viewpoint of Kwame and Petrucka (2021), it has been found that nurse-patient communication positively correlate with the satisfaction of service users; patients with attentive nurses show better recovery and further health outcomes can be enhanced to Wu (2021) stated that effectual communication between patients and nurse practitioners proves to be a profound component in the healthcare setting as it directly influences the extent of care, health outcomes and adherence to treatment plans by considering the service user’s opinion. During the hospital stay, patient needs extreme support and this can be in emotional, physical and mental support (Monfre et al, 2022). Throughout hospital stay, nursing communication is a pivotal element that contributes to the establishment of therapeutic care relations and enhances the satisfaction level of the patient. In the study of Feo et al, (2020) it has been witnessed communication is a pivotal skill that needs to be possessed by healthcare professionals, it is concerned with the remarkable potential to impact the behaviour and attitude of the patient positively. Despite having huge stress, communication with nurses’ results in creating sense of belongingness in the service users (Burgener, 2020). In accordance with Wanko et al. (2020) active listening proves to be an effectual nurse-patient communication strategy under which the nurse believes in listening to patients and acting on their issues. This led to enhanced patient satisfaction to greater utmost as get emotional support. Contrary, Vujanić et al, (2020) stated that service users who feel misunderstood or disrespected by nurse report having lower satisfaction within the setting. Hence, nurse-patient communication breaks these kinds of loopholes in the treatment procedure and enhances satisfaction of patients.

This systematic review study aims to evaluate the influences of nurse-patient communication on service user satisfaction. The studies meeting the inclusion criteria will be synthesised and the findings presented accordingly.

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Literature Review

Background and introduction

The present section will be emphasising on undertaking synopsis of key studies that addressees research question “What is the impact of nurse-patient communication on patient satisfaction in hospital settings”?

As per the Burgener (2020) systematic review; nurse-patient communication proves to be a profound strategy for empowering patients, it is just not limited to developing interaction with service users. It is a bigger concept that relies on creating specific support for patients along with empowering them. In the views of Kwame and Petrucka (2021) patient empowerment is a crucial aspect within the healthcare setting as it enhances overall health outcomes and this can be achieved by creating communication with them regularly. Hence, nurse-patient communication is important for empowering service users and often enables nurses to identify the barriers creating restrictions in the recovery process. Dalky et al, (2020) stated if a patient is suffering from emotional and mental issues then, there is a need to implement direct communication so that support to patients can be assured. Without implementing communication, it is not possible to identify the issues disrupting patients in the setting (Dalky et al, 2020). Whereas, Nurmeksela et al, (2020) revealed that, when nurses ignore patients and does not focus on their concerns then, this results in creating negative influence on the mental health patients and often they feel lonely which can lead to anxiety and depression.

Woodruff (2023) in their doctoral dissertation found that when service users are admitted in the hospital setting, they need excessive care as they are far away from their home, and recommended. In such a situation, nurses need to create significant focus on this context and accordingly, interaction on regular basis must be developed so that patients can feel safe, secure and comfortable. This review will investigate this aspect with the hope of creating significant focus on this context aimed at ensuring effective nurse-patient interaction with on regular basis, which will potentially promote comfortable environment for patients’ safety.’ Atashzadeh-Shoorideh et al, (2021) shed light on how different strategies and techniques of nurse-patient communication can be used to enhance patients’ satisfaction. Understanding non-verbal cues is important as many times patients are not able to share their thoughts verbally. On the other hand, Alforque, (2020) stated that listening to the patient and engaging with them is one of the effective communication techniques which needs to be used to grab the attention of the patient. In the views of Laukka et al, (2020), nurses must observe the behaviour of patients and accordingly communication needs to be done. The observation helps in witnessing whether service users prefer verbal or non-verbal communication. It is the accountability of nurses and therefore, they need to create a specific focus on this area. Panchuay et al, (2023) revealed that it is important that nurses use different communication techniques as per the preferences of service users. Each patient has unique needs and accordingly, communication must be undertaken.

in a PhD A thesis completed by Keefe (2020), reported and suggest that correlation between nurse-patient communication and patient satisfaction has been witnessed. When appropriate communication is being done then, it results in enhancing patient satisfaction to greater note. Whereas, Thakur and Sharma (2021) stated when patient needs are ignored nurses do not believe in communicating with them. This results in impacting patient health and often delays their recovery procedure. Therefore, it is important to prioritise nurse-patient communication so that effective support can be assured to service users and further, it helps in enhancing the satisfaction level of service users.

Feeling satisfied in hospital setting is the right of each patient and therefore, patient satisfaction is considered as an important element. It determines the quality of healthcare services provided to patients. The satisfaction of service users proved to be highly important because it results in improving the overall health of an individual to greater extent. Furthermore, it helps in enhancing patient engagement as well. Burgener (2020) acknowledges the importance of nurse-patient communication in enhancing the overall satisfaction of patients, concluding that, effective communication creates sense of belongingness in the patient and enhances their health outcomes. Patient satisfaction and nurse-patient communication link with each other and there is huge impact developed on service users due to the extent of communication used by nurses. On the other hand, Molina-Mula and Gallo-Estrada (2020) pointed out the loopholes in the nurse-patient communication procedure; psychological barriers create major issues in communication between nurse and patient. For instance- a patient suffering from serious trauma such as sexual abuse as a result, the service user gets depression. In such a situation, the patient is not able to trust anyone and this often leads to create negative impact on the communication procedure between nurse and patient (Zhang et al, 2024).

In a scoping review by Wanko Keutchafo et al, (2020), the importance of nurse-patient communication by stating each patient has different communication preferences. Consequently, healthcare professionals need to focus on this area. Nursing implication for communication proves to be a profound element and training in the setting must be organised so nurses become able to use appropriate communication approaches. Activities such as talking with and listening to the patients must be prioritised as it is comprised with the care procedure. The Nursing and Midwifery Council [NMC] is based on guiding nurses about the important elements which are essential to be considered while dealing with patients (The Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2023). As per NMC, registered nurses are accountable for communicating with patients and further appropriate assistance to patients needs to be given (The Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2023). In the opinion of Yoo et al, (2020) nursing practice is a patient-centred practice and service user satisfaction is an indicator of quality. The experience of the patient implied on care received at the setting. Those services under those who are satisfied have improved outcomes in comparison to those who are not satisfied. Nurses care for their patients however, communication can create the utmost support for establishing understanding between nurse and patient. Therefore, it can be stated that nurse-patient communication is an important aspect in enhancing patient satisfaction and therefore, appropriate focus needs to be implied on this area.

Sundler et al, (2020) identified key communication techniques that can be used by nurses with respect to implementing communication. Verbal communication proves to be a key element; it is concerned with speaking clearly with complete accuracy and honesty. It supports in encouraging patients so they can ask open questions and further avoids the error as direct communication made by the patient. Young et al, (2020) revealed, that using the non-verbal element of communication is appropriate for those service users who are not comfortable speaking. Nurses can use positive gestures while interacting with patients as this helps in creating higher satisfaction for service users. Active listening is another form of communication, nurses must listen to service users, eye contact can be maintained to show assurance to the patient and nurses must nod their heads without interrupting the patient. Often, minimal verbal encouragement such as” go on” and “I understand” can result in gaining the trust of the patient.

In the systematic review of Carvalho and Lucas (2020) it has been presented that effective presentation skill is an important part of communication, The ways in which nurses present their thoughts create influence on patients and often encourage them to communicate. Therefore, nurses must focus on presentation and practice. Implementing personal connection with patients results in creating effective communication between service users and nurses and contributes to enhancing the satisfaction level of patients. On the other hand, Ghorbani et al, (2021) stated that physical barriers such as a loud environment can result in disrupting communication. Therefore, communication needs to be made in such an environment where the patient can easily put their opinions. Labrague et al, (2020) disclosed that social barriers, different religions, languages, ages, cultures and customs result in creating communication challenges. Henceforth, each patient has different needs and preferences and accordingly nurses must adopt communication strategies. Thus, it can be stated that communication is an important component which needs to be focused on in a significant manner in nursing. It is the basis of the foundation that results in creating support for patients to greater note and also helps in enhancing their satisfaction level (Holm and Dreyer, 2023). Higher patient satisfaction levels can be achieved by implementing an appropriate nurse-patient communication strategy and therefore, nurse-patient communication needs to be prioritised in the setting. Nurses must be guided about the communication strategies so that higher satisfaction can be assured to patients.

The Motivation Behind Study

The author is a nursing student and comes from a nursing background which led to developing an interest in this particular area. By undertaking evidence-based research, the influences of nurse-patient communication on patient satisfaction will be analysed and this learning can be used in future while interacting with patients. The theoretical knowledge can be gained by the author which can further be implied in a practical manner. Evidence-based decision practice needs to be undertaken by focusing on evidence-based research as these are crucial for driving clinical decisions and care in the setting. The nursing field is associated with providing care to individuals to enhance their overall outcomes. Based on humanitarian reasons, the author prefers this area so in future the learning can be implied practically. It is important to identify important aspects comprised of nurse-patient communication and the impact it is creating on the satisfaction level of the patients. In this manner, effective support for the patient can be developed and their satisfaction could be enhanced.

Rationale Behind Study

Standard communication is part of professional performance and registered nurses are guided to use appropriate communication patterns with the service users. There is a need to develop interaction with the patient so their issues can be considered. Nurses are accountable for assisting patients and their family members and effective communication creates the utmost support in this context. The current study supports evaluating the extent of patient satisfaction when nurses effectively communicate with them. The outcomes of the study will shed light on the importance of nurse-patient communication in a hospital setting and how it enhances patient satisfaction. Findings can be implied in the evidence-based practices by practitioners which results in creating an effectual interaction between nurse and patient. Hence, this can be stated that the outcomes of the study can potentially positively impact evidence-based practices and nurse-patient communication.

Gaps

The present study will cover the loopholes by identifying the significant influence of nurse-patient communication on the satisfaction of service users. Furthermore, if nurse-patient communication has not been prioritised then, what are the consequences will also be covered by the study. Previous studies were lacking in undertaking in-depth analysis. Henceforth, current study will shed light on negative influence developed in the absence of nurse-patient communication.

Chapter 2 - Methodology

Methodology

The author has used qualitative research methodology over quantitative method, qualitative method is based on the allocation of theoretical information and it is further easy to understand and therefore, author has used this (Rezigalla, 2020).

Study Design

A systematic review has been chosen as it aims to asses, identify, analyse, evaluate and summarize outcomes related to specific context (Ren et al, 2021). Thereby, it makes evidence more accessible to decision makers (Ren et al, 2021). It encompasses by variety of method that involves collection of existing studies; it supports in the identification of larger conclusion related to a specific context (Pillai et al, 2020). Furthermore, systematic review answers such research question which is difficult to address in smaller and limited study (Mohamed et al, 2021). Understanding of research subject ultimately led to implement clinical recommendations followed by analysis of reviewed papers. Mohamed et al, (2021) stated that narrative review aspires to be appropriate as systematic review. However, it ultimately had limitation as it goes with multiple cycles of searching, analysis and interpretation which led to biasness (Panda et al, 2021). Noting this, author considered systematic review determined as gold standard for research as it makes research a robust and evidence based (Aguinis, 2023). The biasness in the research creates significant impact on the quality of outcomes, henceforth, author considered systematic review design (Clark et al, 2020). The consistency of the relationship could be checked and data inconsistency could be explained. Thus, it helps in improving precision and decline risk by using of explicit techniques (Ratten, 2023). 

Search strategy

• PICO Framework

In order to address the purpose of research, review of literature proves to be comprehensive subjective area, this followed by the principle of systematic review which involves collection of far-reaching literature search (Eng et al, 2022). The Research Question modelled by current literature review is-

What is the impact of nurse-patient communication on patient satisfaction in hospital settings?

NICE (2018) states that using a specific framework support in the identification and subsequent development of question. It is important to use framework for witnessing main question and themes that requires to be researched. Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome [PICO] has been used for developing research question. However, there are numerous frameworks, PICO makes process easier as it is prompt for framing clinical question (Eng et al, 2022). Furthermore, this supports in framing strategy while identifying key concepts needed to be reviewed. Author used PICO framework for identifying main themes-

• Table 3-PICO Framework

Population	Intervention	Comparison	Outcomes
Patient	Nurse-patient communication	Impact of communication strategies	Increasing satisfaction level of patient.
Interaction between nurse and patient	Influence of communication tactics.	Increased satisfaction of service user.

Key words

Key words are determined as the main confrontation that needs to be entered for searching about articles.

Table 2- Key words

Key words	Synonyms
Nurse	Caregiver, practitioner, midwives and attendant
Patient	Service user
Satisfaction	Pleasure and gratification
Communication	Interacting and connection
Hospital	Medica centre, care setting, nursing home and health centre
Impact	Influence, affect, effect and impression

Inclusion and Exclusion criteria

Table 4- Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Only those articles preferred by author that has been published after January 2018- April 2024. Global based articles have been involved in the study and there are 8 articles which have been accessed via this criterion. Primary based papers which are in English language have been selected. Components to be extracted from the papers will be nurse-patient communication, etc. Primary based papers that are qualitative and quantitative study design.  Only those papers preferred which were peer reviewed.

Articles published prior to Jan 2018 and those after Apr 2024. Papers which were based on other languages rather than English were excluded. Articles that do not contain information related to nurse-patient communication have been discarded. Papers which do not involve information related to methodology in appropriate manner. Articles which are not peer-reviewed do not used by author.

CASP Tool

Critical appraisal tool; CASP used by the author for extracting the information. CASP stands for Critical Appraisal Skills Programme; it is the set of appraisal tools used for evaluating the efficiency of information presented in the paper (Turner, 2020). The tool has been used for checking the quality of data by using CASP checklist. In the current research, 8 articles have been selected by author after considering CASP checklist. This extraction tool supported in addressing research question as only those articles selected which were providing quality outcomes that link with research context.

Data Extraction and Quality Assessment of the Studies

Data extraction refers to the process of systematically collecting and retrieving information from varied sources, typically in the form of raw or findings from research articles (Turner, 2020). In current study, relevant information from the articles has been extracted that met the predefined inclusion criteria. The extracted data formed the basis for discussion and analysis within the systematic review, providing empirical evidence to support the research questions. This process is essential for synthesizing and analysing information to address the research objectives effectively (Turner, 2020).

Data Analysis

As stated by Mell (2021), data analysis is considered as the process of using logical technique and framework for evaluating allocated information. This is considered as an important aspect for presenting findings. The data extracted from articles has been analysed via thematic technique; this method is suitable for analysing theoretical information (Mello, 2021). This is a type of qualitative framework and author has used this in current study; different themes formed related to the influence of nurse-patient communication on satisfaction level of service user. Furthermore, theme related to effective communication technique has also been framed. Thematic analysis supported author in terms of uncovering varied pattern and meaning within information. Varied perception and facts evaluated by author which has been presented in different themes. Hence, within using thematic analysis method, appropriate analysis of information has been done and formation of themes led to develop important insights aligns with research context

Ethics

Ethics has been considered as pivotal element in the whole research, this states about the efficacy and accuracy of the research. Therefore, author specified significant focus on this area, compliance with Coventry University has been done and ethical procedure has been followed. The author applied for ethics on Coventry university ethics and fill ethics and then get approval and the certificate of approval is attached in appendix. Throughout the research procedure, academic integrity has been maintained and no biasness performed (Siedlecki, 2020). Content has been rephrased and appropriate referencing in the study mentioned with respect to providing credit to authors whose content considered in writing review. Furthermore, author assured that data going to be stored in the USB and this would be submitted at university. No piracy has been undertaken and ethics considered by author at each step. Moreover, no harm developed to any of the individual and animal. This research is undertaken for promoting social good so that contribution can be done in evidence-based decisions in the clinical settings. Hence, it could be stated that author implied significant focus on this area and accordingly ethics have been prioritised so that effectual outcomes could be presented (Siedlecki, 2020). In preparing systematic review ensuring integrity and avoiding misconduct is essential as this is linked with the efficacy of outcomes. Therefore, prior focus of the author was on maintaining academic integrity which is crucial for enhancing overall outcomes of the research.

Chapter 3 - Findings And Analysis

• Prisma flow chart

Studies included in systematic review (n-8)

Full text articles assessed for eligibility (n-30)

Additional records identify via other sources (n-7)

Records identified via database research (n-1,208)

Records after removing duplicates (n-1,200)

Full text articles excluded with reason (n-22) Duplicate prescribing number. No link to clinical decision. Not focusing on patient satisfaction.

Records excluded (n-1,170)

Records screened (n-1,200)

Available Evidence

Eight studies (Tran et al, 2021, Mersha et al, 2023, Siebinga et al, 2022, Islam and Muhamad, 2021, Marca, Frances et al, 2020, Haesum et al, 2023, Bos‐van den Hoek et al, 2021 and Kerr et al, 2020) have been accepted into the systematic review and it was critically appraised via CASP tool (Quality Assessment Mentioned In Table No 3 Of Appendix)After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria these studies have been evident which makes them reliable and authentic. The collective synopsis has been involved for gaining in-depth insights regarding research area.

Characteristics of the Included Studies

Out of the eights studies 4 was cross sectional, 1 was based on survey, 1 was focused group study, 1 was experimental study and 1 was interview. The primary articles were approached and accordingly empirical data collected. The studies were based on different countries Netherlands, Vietnam, UK, Iran, China, Australia and Southern Ethiopia (Details Mentioned in Appendix Table 2 &3) These studies approached nurses and patient who were the centre point of whole research and accordingly findings developed. The insights with regards to research area have been gained via analysing the experiences of nurses and patient.

Quality Assessment of the Included Studies and Risk of Bias

The quality assessment of the included studies has been done via using CASP tool (Details mentioned in Table no 3 in Appendix). This tool supported in apprising different types of evidences and further enable in analysing whether study has met the standard criteria or note. CASP tool used for determining the viability and quality of included studies along with knowing risk of biasness (CASP Checklist, 2023). CASP checklist has been used for undertaking evaluation of studies as mentioned in in table no 3 of appendix There was no biasness undertaken by the authors of selected studies which makes research information valid. 5 Studies were of good quality while 3 was of moderate quality (Mentioned in Table No 3 Appendix).

Themes and Analysis

Theme 1: Patient-centred communication and shared decision making

Total of three studies (Siebinga et al, 2022, Bos‐van den Hoek et al, 2021 and Islam and Muhamad, 2021) have been reported that are strictly adhering to importance of nurse patient communication in patient centred care and shared decision making. In the cross-sectional analysis of Siebinga et al, (2022) it has been witnessed that, when nurse undertakes patient centred communication then it results in developing an effectual interaction with patients. The patient- centred communication [PCC] comprised with focusing on the concerns of patient and accordingly communicating upon them. The consistent communication between nurse and patient results in shared decision making which enhances patient satisfaction and their over-all health outcomes as well. Both of the studies (Bos‐van den Hoek et al, 2021 and Islam and Muhamad, 2021) emphasised on the influence of effectiveness of nurse patient communication on patient satisfaction and shared decision making. Nurses plays pivotal role in delivering healthcare services to patient and enhances their health outcomes, they are proven as the protecter of patient who advocates them in every context. Patient centred care requires effectual communication skills so that interaction can be developed with patient along with providing quality services to them. The study of Siebinga et al, (2022) proved the relationship between two contextual variables and those are patient centred communication undertaken by nurse and shared decision making. Three of the studies has one thing in common and that is significance of nurse-patient communication for enhancing patient satisfaction and therefore, at hospital settings it is important to adopt patient centred communication process by nurses.

Theme 2: Communication increases patient participation

Two studies (Tran et al, 2021 and Islam and Muhamad, 2021) reported that communication results in increasing patient participation. A cross-sectional study by Tran et al, (2021) has been done that involves 145 nurses from the eight clinical departments in Bach Mai hospital, Vietnam. Data collection has been done via questionnaire. From the data, it has been observed that, adopting communication practices by nurses led to create significant support for the patient (Tran et al, 2021). However, there are certain barrier in this area which led to develop negative impact on the whole procedure. Nurses stated that, when any patient suffers from severe illness then, they believe in isolating themselves and in such situation, it is not easy to interact with them. Although, it is a crucial time and therefore, it is essential to interact with patient during such times. Furthermore, from the study Islam and Muhamad, (2021) it has been evident that when nurses ask patient about their health on regular basis then, this led to develop a strong sense of belongingness that led to enhance patient satisfaction and creates effective interaction between nurse and patient. The nurse-patient communication can be strengthened via interacting with patient on daily basis. Communication on regular basis led to form the effective support for patients and further nurses become aware about the needs and requirement of the patient.

Theme 3: Nurse-patient communication and quality of healthcare

In total four studies reported nurse-patient communication empowers patient and enhances the quality of over-all healthcare system and those studies were (Siebinga et al, 2022, Islam and Muhamad, 2021, Bos‐van den Hoek et al, 2021 and Marca-Frances et al, 2020). The patient-participation empowered them to take mandatory decision regarding their health outcomes and it is not possible without communication. Therefore, nurses are entitled to implement personal interaction with the patient. The five main components of patient centred communication have been identified and among all of them nurse-patient communication proves to be an important one for enhancing patient satisfaction to greater utmost. When patient priorities are valued then, it results in enhancing the patient satisfaction that often results in increasing the efficacy of healthcare system. were (Siebinga et al, 2022, Islam and Muhamad, 2021, Bos‐van den Hoek et al, 2021). One study reported the consequences of ineffective patient communication by stating most of the nurses’ neglects patient need which led to and their concerns often there many of the patient struggles with discrimination which led to create negative impact on their health (Marca-Frances et al, 2020). Henceforth, it is important to undertake one by one interaction with patient and their issues needs to be heard. The communication helps in knowing about the struggles faced by patient in hospital setting and consequently appropriate decision could be taken

Theme 4: Communication model assist in effective nurse-patient communication.

Two studies emphasised on the importance of communication model within healthcare setting as this supports in creating diverse support for patients. (Mersha et al, 2023 and Haesum et al, 2023). Therapeutic communication and Interactive communication model have been proposed in two of these studies. Therapeutic communication is specifically used in nursing for developing relationship with patient. It is comprised with providing patient centred care which result in treating patient with complete dignity along with respecting and involving them in their care process. Clear dialogue based interactive model are important for ensuring comprehension in the patient care process. (Mersha et al, 2023 and Haesum et al, 2023). In accordance with this model both the speaker and listener speak and listen to each other, it is a two-way communication process. By using this model, nurses can undertake effective communication with patients. This further provides chances to patients in terms of sharing their doubts with the nurses. (Mersha et al, 2023 and Haesum et al, 2023). There are five components which needs to be used via forming communication with patient and those are trust, respect, professionalism, empathy and power. Nurse-patient communication led to increase the engagement of patient in their care procedure and they share everything with nurses. Many patients face extreme anxiety and depression due to their diagnosis. In such situation appropriate communication pattern and model provide effective support in undertaking communication in significant manner.

Theme 5: Strong communication requires for forming relationship with patients

Four studies reported strong communication as an important aspect in forming communication with patient (Marca-Frances et al, 2020, Islam and Muhamad, 202, Siebinga et al, 2022 and Haesum et al, 2023). The real time communication between Registered nurse [RNs] and patients is highly essential as this led to develop sense of trust in patient, relationship between caregiver and care receiver is only possible when consistent communication has been undertaken between them. Communication is delineated as multifaceted that contains with different tactics and it is highly essential to build trust for facilitating quality care. Nurses must take communication as their core principle as it becomes the basis for forming relationship with patients (Marca-Frances et al, 2020, Islam and Muhamad, 202, Siebinga et al, 2022 and Haesum et al, 2023). Two of the studies (Marca-Frances et al, 2020 and Siebinga et al, 2022) linked nurse-patient communication directly with the health status of patients. High quality patient care, is possible only when patients need has been identified and this requires to be identified after undertaking communication with them. It supports in detecting needs of the patient and on the basis of this further decision related to care can be implemented. The high-quality patient care led to create significant support for the patient and further enhance their over-all well-being (Marca-Frances et al, 2020, Islam and Muhamad, 202, Siebinga et al, 2022 and Haesum et al, 2023).

Theme 6: Patient communication needs form the basis for nurse-patient communication

Six studies testified importance of evaluating communication needs of the patients (Siebinga et al, 2022, Islam and Muhamad, 2021, Marca-Frances et al, 2020, Haesum et al, 2023, Bos‐van den Hoek et al, 2021 and Kerr et al, 2020). Nurse-patient communication has been seen as the basis of providing social support to the patients. There are wide number of patients within hospital setting and all of them have with different communication needs. Some prefer speaking while some communicate with gestures or expression. Thus, implementing unique behaviour with patients as per their needs considered as important aspect and this can be done via executing friendly relationship with them (Siebinga et al, 2022, Islam and Muhamad, 2021, Marca-Frances et al, 2020, Haesum et al, 2023, Bos‐van den Hoek et al, 2021 and Kerr et al, 2020). It is not easy to communicate with such patients who are suffering from sever diagnosis such as cancer and depression. In such situation understanding the communication needs can create effectual support for implementing nurse-patient communication process (Siebinga et al, 2022, Islam and Muhamad, 2021, Marca-Frances et al, 2020, Haesum et al, 2023, Bos‐van den Hoek et al, 2021 and Kerr et al, 2020).

Theme 7: Factors that needs to be prioritised in nurse-patient communication

In two studies majority of the participants expressed importance of considering the factors developing negative impact on them. These factors are- respect, privacy and dignity of the patient, these components have been determined as the important elements in caring procedure Nurses does not show respect towards patient and often does not maintain privacy. Patient shares everything with nurse by trusting them however, it has been witnessed that nurses often share this information with their colleague and this led to breach of the confidentiality of the patient (Mersha et al, 2023 and Tran et al, 2021) The concept of nurse-patient communication is just not limited to listening or speaking, it is a broad concept which involves understanding the issues of patient and keeping them private (Mersha et al, 2023). It is important to maintain the confidentiality of the patient and respect needs to be given to them. The study of Mersha et al, (2023) revealed that, nurses felt overburdened and extreme pressure on them led to result in misbehaving with patients. Hence, it is important that senior nurses must interact with junior nurses and supports must be assured to them so that burden could be reduced (Mersha et al, 2023). In order to implement nurse-patient communication in the setting, it is essential that nurses are in good conditions and they are not feeling stressed as their burden and stress results in influencing their communication with the pattern. Nurses often gets frustrated on patient due to huge stress (Mersha et al, 2023 and Tran et al, 2021). The lack of resilience capabilities led to create such situation. Henceforth, there is need to create significant support for the nurses so they can become able to take appropriate decision and effective communication between patient and nurses could be established which further results in enhancing over-all satisfaction of the patient.

Theme 8: Communicating with patient having life limiting illness

In total two studies reported about persisting challenges in nurse patient communication procedure. Nurses has the potential in terms of developing significant bond with patient however, at a certain point of time it is not easy to communicate with patients. Those patents who have life limiting illness does not prefer to speak with nurses and at that time it is extremely difficult to undertake communication procedure. Responding to prognostic questions also proves to be difficult for nurses. Mutual trust and respect prove to be important component in communication and it is hard to develop mutual trust when patients are depressed due to their illness. (Kerr et al, 2020 and Haesum et al, 2023). It is important to develop calm environment at the setting so that patients can become able to experience peace. Henceforth, nurses must focus on creating support for the patient by developing toxic free environment at the setting and special focus requires to be implied on those patents who are struggling with life threatening illness.

Discussion

The themes mentioned in the findings section depicting about importance of nurse-patient communication in enhancing patient satisfaction along with highlighting the challenges in this context. Total eight studies [Mentioned under Table no 2 in Appendix] used for undertaking the review. The CASP evaluation [Mentioned under Table no 3 in Appendix] stating about the features of each study along with highlighting strengths and weaknesses and CASP checklist used for quality assessment. From the systematic review is has been identified that patient centred care has been proven important component in hospital settings as this is linked with enhancing the over-all satisfaction of the patient. Henceforth, there is need to develop significant focus on this area so that specific support can be assured to patient. Moreover, communication creates specific interaction between nurses and patient which results in enhancing the health outcomes (Tran et al, 2021). The review has specified about the significant on nurse-patient communication for enhancing patient satisfaction. It has provided the overview of studies based on nurse patient communication. The varied set of studies used for indicating about the facts. However, there is need to conduct further research in this area, this is an important area but still communication has not been given the topmost priority that is ultimately impacting patient satisfaction and health (Mersha et al, 2023). It is still hard to identify a significant form of communication that is suitable in all cases. The needs of patient are unique and therefore nurses need to adopt different communication style which meets the requirement of patient. Specifically, those patients who are suffering from life threatening condition requires consistent support from the nurses (Siebinga et al, 2022).

Henceforth, nurses need to adopt specific patterns as per the needs of patients. In such situation, it is important to implement educational intervention as this can create utmost support for the nurses so they can become able to evaluate about the requirements of patient and accordingly adopt the communication pattern. When nurses use harsh words while communicating with patient then, this creates negative impact on the satisfaction of patient and often impacts their health in negative manner (Islam and Muhamad, 2021). Hence, educational interventions are specifically for enhancing nurses’ capacity so they can communicate with patient accordingly. The review has clearly stated that, there is need to implement effective nurse-patient communication in the hospital settings as this is linked with the satisfaction level of patients which further creates utmost influence on the health outcomes of the patient (Marca Frances et al, 2020). The mutual trust and respect can only be developed via using appropriate form of communication and therefore, nurses are accountable for communication with patient so their needs can be identified and accordingly patient-centred care approach could be established.

Strengths and Limitation of the Review

The search criteria included all the primary based latest global studies comprised with nurse patient communication. The quality of the studies has been assessed via CASP tool and accordingly information has been extracted from the study (Quality assessment done in Table no 3 of Appendix) All those articles were peer reviewed and accordingly realistic and accurate information has been included. The review has assessed the quality of studies along with included the study design followed in each study (Mention in table 2 and 3 in Appendix). The limitation of the review composed of the heterogeneity of the included studies and this often-caused complexity during analysing findings and drawing conclusion.

Conclusion, Implication For Practice And Recommendation Further Research

The review has examined the importance of nurse-patient communication in enhancing patient satisfaction. The lack of trust and respect between nurse and patient results in impacting the health outcomes of patient and therefore, appropriate communication with the patient needs to be established. By understanding the needs and requirement of patient appropriate communication can be implemented with them. The review has also examined the challenges in the pursuit of nurse-patient communication and those are- severe diagnoses of patient, mental health challenge, extreme pressure on nurses and lack of understanding. There is need to provide support to nurses as well and therefore, nurse manager must take actions in this area. Educational intervention, therapeutic communication and empathetic model are the suitable strategies that enhance nurse patient communication (Oh et al, 2021). Further research requires to be conducted in this area as still there is so much need to be identified. The loopholes in communication are persisting to greater note that is impacting the health of the patient and therefore, it is essential to analyse the factors leading to ineffective nurse-patient communication so that accordingly strategies can be implemented. Therefore, further research will be based on this area and major loopholes persisting in nurse-patient communication would be identified.

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Online

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