PART A: ESSAY
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
INTRODUCTION
From the introduction of the social life within countries, there is a drastic change in the mind-set and environment of the country but the violence on women has not seems too changed. In UK, the violence against women has became one of the most prevalent and serious social problem. It has been identified that from every 12 woman at least one woman has been found as the victim of gender based violence such as rape, harassment, and sexual abuse or stalking. This essay will discuss violence on women within UK. Further, it also depicts the various causes associated with the women violence. In addition to this, government‘s legislation for protecting women will also be discussed in this essay.
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MAIN BODY
The violence does not include the physical brutality rather it refers to any type of social, physiological, emotional and financial abuse. Based on the book of gender & crime, it has been explicated that all the women lives with the constant fear of being at risk of violence. Further, this book stated that women facing such violence generally have high range of health issues. According to the report, family abuse and domestic violence is one of the least discussed issues among all others (Peterman et al, 2020). It has been determined that over 1453867 domestic violence incidents has been recorded within UK in the year of 2023 among with 889918 cases were related to the domestic crimes (Domestic violence case in UK, 2024). Besides this, there are more domestic violence cases, but one did not report such incidence due to fear of getting their partners and family in trouble. It has been believed that over 1.7 million women have experienced domestic violence in the year of 2023 among which only 18% has contacted to the authority.
Many families and even the victims did not accept any crime rather considered it is the “private issue” which could be solved while maintaining privacy. Social evil such as dowry system, alcoholism, coercive control, anger, mental health, stress, witnessing violence form birth are the major reasons behind the domestic abuse within UK. The mentality of treating domestic violence as the personal issue and ignoring such issues are the major reason behind the increasing rate of domestic abuse (Gulati and Kelly, 2020). This type of behaviour has generally adopted by the perpetrators with the aim of controlling the victim and making them feel powerless. Further it has depicted that it is difficult for women to break the cycle of abuse due to the fear of retaliation and accepting that they deserve such type of behaviour.
Moreover, there is a constant increase in the rape cases and the sexual harassment cases within UK. It has identified that over 69973 rape case has been recorded and among which 81% of the culprits are known or familiar to the victims (Rape cases in UK, 2023). This crime has resulted in creating abiding sense of fear and shame within women. It has identified that the rape cases are the least dealt cases among all the other as rapist has not been put behind the bars (Alesina, Brioschi and La Ferrara, 2021). Many people explicated that, in the rape cases the victim has been blamed for the predicament situation. Most of the rape cases were not recorded until the hospital authority has not forced them to do that. In addition to this, many victim felt that the behaviour of relatives, friends and the family are worsen then the actual crime.
Usually, family members did not trust the victims and the mainly they were left along in such situation. Further along with the domestic violence’s, the risk of abuse at the workplace, social places and the school has also created the long lasting impact on the women. There is the large number of sexual harassment incident that undertaken by the business entity which includes sexual touches, look and jokes. “Quid pro” is the major source behind such harassment which refers to that opposition with others may results in creating negative impact on the individual’s job and economic security (Tekkas Kerman and Betrus, 2020). The hostile environment within the organization is another sexual harassment that has been initiated at workplace. This includes the inappropriate conduct and unwanted behaviour of seniors such as discussion on sexual topic, indecent gestures and utilising derogatory terms.
There are large numbers of causes due to which such violence cases increased within UK. The culture of sexism and the gender inequality is one of the root causes behind such increase in violence and abuse incident with women. From the past time, men are always treated as superior that result into creating marginalization as well as discrimination within the society and the behaviour of men to control others has resulted in creating the culture of violence. Further, the patriarchy structure and norms are another reason behind such violence as these norms normalise the violence with women (Taquette and Monteiro, 2019). Patriarchy reinforces subjugation of women and emphasis over providing superiority and dominance to males. This political and social system has resulted in weakening women and forced them to being silences, exploited and oppressed in their life.
Additionally, an economic disparity is other causes of the violence against the women as they are more prone to the financial insecurity and poverty. It has been identified that financial dependency on the abusive partner and jobs are two reasons behind increasing violence at home and workplace (Rivara et al, 2019). Another cause behind increasing women violence is the lack of government attentiveness towards forming and implementing policy (Peterman et al, 2020). It has been identified that only 45% of total rapist has been given punishment which reduces the fear of other towards the crimes. After so many changes in the legislation and initiatives, it has been determined that there is the lack of legal support and protection to women. Further, the sexism portray by the media has also created a huge impact on creating perception and societal attitude towards the women. Media is normalizing violence with women by depicting the objectifying and sexist image of the women.
It has been identified that domestic violence and sexual harassment is creating long lasting impact on the mental, social and physical health of the women. Victim generally faces the issues of depression, sleep difficulties, anxiety disorder, and eating disorder, post traumatic stress and undertakes suicide attempts (Henry, Flynn and Powell, 2020). Besides this, the health issues such as chronic pelvic pain, back pain, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal disorders and limited mobility has been faced by all the victims. This causes social and economic cost for women such as inability to work, lack of interest in regular activity, isolation, loss of wages which impact on the overall economic position.
UK’s government has initiated various laws and legislation with the aim of protecting employees within the country. The Sexual offence ACT 2003 was provided by UK government with the aim of providing protection against the non consensual offence of rape (The Sexual offence Act, 2024). It is the amended Act of sexual offence 1956 which includes five new sections such as rape, assault by penetration, sexual activity without consent and sexual assault. However, government has not initiated any law that can protect women against domestic violence which indicate irresponsible behaviour of the UK’s authority (Stubbs and Szoeke, 2022). Domestic abuse protecting notice and orders has been initiated that include restricting culprit to meet the victim and provide them with adequate time for change in their behaviour. After implementing such legislation government should ensure that all such regulations are effectively followed so that effective protection could be provided to the women. Moreover, the crime sentencing and courts Act 2022, Marriage and Civil Partnership Act 2022 and the heath and Care act 2022 has been introduced to provide protection against all such violence’s.
Along with the government legislation, various other organizations are also working towards educating individual regarding the violence cases within the country. Various women led organizations and community leaders are involved in creating awareness regarding measures and strategies through which such violence’s could be end up (Alesina, Brioschi and La Ferrara, 2021). Further, many organization are working towards initiating the strict policy for mitigating cases of women violence. Business entities have also adopted the equality law which is aiming at reducing discrimination among employees and aims at promoting fairness in the firm.
CONCLUSION
By summing up the report, it has identified that violence on women is the most relevant issues that is prevailing within the country. It has identified that the case of domestic violence has increased within the country due to fear of putting partner in trouble most of the cases has not been reported to policy. It has further identified that rape cases and sexual assaults incident at the social place, workplaces and school is rising constantly. The culture of violence, patriarchy structure, economic disparities and dependences, lack of government support are major cause behind increase in the violence. Depression, head ace, pelvic pain, suicidal attempt, abdominal pain is the major impact of the women violence. The sexual offence act, domestic abuse protecting notice has been initiated as to protect the victim
PART B REFLECTIVE LOG
For expressing my journey while creating the essay on the violence on women, Gibbs model of reflection has been used. This six stages cycle is highly effective which helps in analysing one’s experience in a structured way (Gibbs’ reflective cycle, 2024). For completing the essay I have contacted the tutor for three times which helped me in clarifying doubts and supported the successful completion of the project. At the initial stages I was so confused regarding the topic of the essay. Tutor suggested me to search for the crucial issue that are prevailing in the country and focuses on its impact. Earlier, I have selected child labour issues but after further research I have identified that there are various other social issues prevailing within the country which results in deciding on the some other topic.
Thus, research helped me in deciding the topic, Violence on women as in the current time, inequality and cruelty with women is increasing. After selecting the topic, I have used my researching skills to identify the in-depth information regarding the issues to ensure the accuracy of my project. While collecting the data I have faced issues in understanding the most reliable information. For overcoming the same, I have started evaluating the sources of published information that helped in identifying the validity & accuracy of data and supports in gaining the most accurate data. While preparing the assignment, I was confused regarding the aspect that should be covered in the essay so that I could provide the most valuable information within the given word counts. For determining the accurate answer of this, I have consulted with tutor who suggested me to write about the misuses, provided causes behind such situation, consequences of such issue and ultimately suggested some measures for dealing with the concerned problem.
This has helped me in providing direction of the essay and aids in covering all the crucial points of the essay. Further, tutor guided me to cover various legislations that have been provided by the UK government which strengthened my essay. This guidance supports me in creating an accurate structure based on which essay could be effectively completed. While writing essay, I was able to enhance my understanding regarding various issues and the violence that woman has faced during their life. Further, this essay enhanced my understanding regarding the major causes behind such situation and assists in taking decision on measures through which such issues could be overcome.
I also faced confusion while selecting the legislation for which I have consulted with the tutors. At that time Tutor helped in deciding the method through which the most reliable sources and the legislation could be selected. This helps me in providing most reliable information and support in enhancing overall efficiency of the Essay. Further tutors guided me to proof read all my content which help in ensuring the structure and grammar of the sentences which will help in scoring high grades for the essay.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Alesina, A., Brioschi, B. and La Ferrara, E., 2021. Violence against women: a cross‐cultural analysis for Africa. Economica, 88(349), pp.70-104.
Alesina, A., Brioschi, B. and La Ferrara, E., 2021. Violence against women: a cross‐cultural analysis for Africa. Economica, 88(349), pp.70-104.
Gulati, G. and Kelly, B.D., 2020. Domestic violence against women and the COVID-19 pandemic: What is the role of psychiatry?. International journal of law and psychiatry, 71, p.101594.
Henry, N., Flynn, A. and Powell, A., 2020. Technology-facilitated domestic and sexual violence: A review. Violence against women, 26(15-16), pp.1828-1854.
Peterman, A., Potts, A., O'Donnell, M., Thompson, K., Shah, N., Oertelt-Prigione, S. and Van Gelder, N., 2020. Pandemics and violence against women and children (Vol. 528, pp. 1-45).
Peterman, A., Potts, A., O'Donnell, M., Thompson, K., Shah, N., Oertelt-Prigione, S. and Van Gelder, N., 2020. Pandemics and violence against women and children (Vol. 528, pp. 1-45).
Rivara, F., Adhia, A., Lyons, V., Massey, A., Mills, B., Morgan, E., Simckes, M. and Rowhani-Rahbar, A., 2019. The effects of violence on health. Health Affairs, 38(10), pp.1622-1629.
Stubbs, A. and Szoeke, C., 2022. The effect of intimate partner violence on the physical health and health-related behaviors of women: A systematic review of the literature. Trauma, violence, & abuse, 23(4), pp.1157-1172.
Taquette, S.R. and Monteiro, D.L.M., 2019. Causes and consequences of adolescent dating violence: A systematic review. Journal of injury and violence research, 11(2), p.137.
Tekkas Kerman, K. and Betrus, P., 2020. Violence against women in Turkey: A social ecological framework of determinants and prevention strategies. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 21(3), pp.510-526.
Online
Domestic violence case in UK. 2024. Online. Available through: < https://socialprotection-humanrights.org/legaldep/womens-right-to-housing-in-cases-of-domestic-violence-in-the-united-kingdom/ >
The Sexual offence Act, 2003. 2024. Online. Available through: < https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/42/contents>
Gibbs’ reflective cycle, 2024. Online. Available through: < https://www.ed.ac.uk/reflection/reflectors-toolkit/reflecting-on-experience/gibbs-reflective-cycle>
Rape cases in UK, 2023. Online. Available through: < https://www.statista.com/statistics/283100/recorded-rape-offences-in-england-and-wales/>
6 Years | PhD
