Analyzing the Impact of Lifestyle on Cardiovascular Health in the UK Assignment Sample

Analyzing the Impact of Lifestyle on Cardiovascular Health in the UK

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1. Introduction- Lifestyle Habits and Cardiovascular Risks: A UK Data Analysis

The term cardiovascular disease refers to heart disorders that damage the blood vessels. It is mostly linked to fatty deposits within atherosclerosis as well as the risk of blood clots. There are many distinct types of cardiovascular disease, but the five most common ones are stroke, heart attack, arrhythmia, heart valve issues, and heart attack. According to the study's survey, which was focused on UK patients with heart disease, there are more than 7.4 million people worldwide who suffer from this disease. This is the primary cause of alcohol consumption as well as smoking behaviors, which are believed to be one of the most frequent reasons among people (Dhana et al. 2020). There are more than 3.9 million men and more than 3.5 million women among the 7.4 million cardiovascular patients who die as a result of these disorders. Many people with this disease live long and healthy lives, and this is made possible by the right medical therapy that must be administered with precision. The main focus of this examination will be on people's lifestyles and their effects on cardiovascular disease. This research study will benefit in the area of generating a clear understanding regarding UK people suffering from cardiovascular disease due to their impact on lifestyles as a result of this conversation.

2. Research aim

The primary goal of this study is to gain a better understanding of UK patients who are suffering from cardiovascular disease as a result of their changing lifestyles and unplanned smoking and alcohol usage. This will also address the effects on the health of the patients. This research will aid in the discovery of the various causes of cardiovascular disease, as well as the development of possible ways to alleviate this health condition so that patients can live a long life.

3. Research question

• What are the possible risk factors for the UK patient of cardiovascular disease and how are they related to their lifestyles?

4. Formation of the hypothesis

4.1. Hypothesis 1

H 1: There is a possible relationship between the people suffering from cardiovascular disease with the lifestyles of the people in the UK such as alcohol consumption and smoking behaviour. Here Lifestyle refers to the alcohol consumption and smoking behaviour of the UK people.

H 0: There is no such relationship between the people suffering from cardiovascular disease with the lifestyles of the people in the UK such as alcohol consumption and smoking behaviour. 

This hypothesis will be tested in this research report through the analysis of an SPSS test called one way descriptive, where the outcome will help to understand the relationship between the people suffering from cardiovascular disease with the lifestyles of the people in the UK such as alcohol consumption behaviour and smoking status.

4.2. Hypothesis 2

H 1: There is a possible relationship between the smoking status of the people in the UK and those suffering from cardiovascular disease.

H 0: There is no such relationship between the smoking status of the people in the UK and those suffering from cardiovascular disease.

This hypothesis will be tested in this research report through the analysis of an SPSS test called one way ANOVA, where the outcome will help to understand the relationship between the smoking status of the people in the UK and those suffering from cardiovascular disease.

4.3. Hypothesis 3

H 1: There is a possible relationship between the smoking status of the people in the UK and those suffering from systolic blood pressure.

H 0: There is no such relationship between the smoking status of the people in the UK and those suffering from systolic blood pressure.

This hypothesis will be tested in this research report through the analysis of an SPSS test called partial correlation, where the outcome will help to understand the relationship between the smoking status of the people in the UK and those suffering from systolic blood pressure.

4.4. Hypothesis 4

H 1: There is a possible relationship between the BMI level of people in the UK and those suffering from high blood pressure.

H 0: There is no such relationship between the BMI level of people in the UK and those suffering from high blood pressure.

This hypothesis will be tested in this research report through the analysis of an SPSS test called one sample t-test, where the outcome will help to understand the relationship between the BMI level of people in the UK and those suffering from high blood pressure.

4.5. Hypothesis 5

H 1: There is a possible relationship between the BMI rate and Fibrinogen level of the people in the UK and their SBP level.

H 0: There is no such relationship between the BMI rate and Fibrinogen level of the people in the UK and their SBP level.

This hypothesis will be tested in this research report through the analysis of an SPSS test called multiple regression, where the outcome will help to understand the SBP level of the UK people and its relation to the BMI rate and Fibrinogen level.

5. Methods

In this specific section, the detailed discussion will be based on the research method and this specific discussion will be supported through the various elements such as data collection, sample size, and data analysis. These different elements are discussed below in detail.

5.1. Study design

In this research paper the focus wil be on the study design, whgere in this research project the secondary data wil be used in the area of secondary analysis.

5.2. Data collection

in this research and analysis the data collection process is mainly based on the Secondary data collection, and the reason behind choosing this secondary data collection is because of its simplicity, where they do not require the creation of questionnaires and the distribution of them to people who are connected to the research topic (Doval, 2017). In this process, the data used for SPSS was previously collected and thus the secondary data collection model will be utilized here. The data in the secondary data collection model was collected from a previous research project. In this research, the data will be gathered from the survey where over 1000 respondents will respond according to the research criteria.

5.3. Data analysis

Cardiovascular is related to the respiratory system that comprises the blood and the heart vessels along with the oxygen and nutrient issues in the body through removing the Co2 from the body. The main reason for this disease includes unhealthy diet, usage of tobacco, lack of physical activity, excessive consumption of alcohol and others. There are several signs of cardiovascular disease such as chest pain, weakness in arms and legs, angina, breath shortness, neck pain, throat pain, back pain, and others. Though this disease cannot be cured, it can be managed through the intervention of a proper healthy lifestyle and the intervention of medical help (Breeze et al.2020). There is a need for proper treatment where this will help to live a long life even with cardiovascular disease. This study looked at patients with cardiovascular disease in the United Kingdom, and it discovered that this disease affects a large number of people around the world. This contains the fundamental cause for alcohol consumption as well as smoking behaviors, which are among the most common among people. The main data collection model will be employed in this research project, which will incorporate the primary research method of gathering and evaluating primary data (Munch, 2017). Primary data analysis refers to the acquisition of data from primary sources that are directly relevant to the study project and issue, and analysis of them for a better output in the future.

In this research there will be total five hypothesis testing, where the first hypothesis will be investigated in this research report by analysing a one-way descriptive SPSS test, the results of which will aid in understanding the association between persons suffering from cardiovascular disease and people's lifestyles in the UK, such as alcohol consumption behaviour. The second hypothesis will be evaluated in this research report by the use of an SPSS test called one way ANOVA, the results of which will aid in understanding the association between smoking status and cardiovascular disease in the UK. The third hypothesis will be investigated in this research report by analysing a partial correlation SPSS test, the results of which will aid in understanding the relationship between persons in the UK who smoke and those who suffer from systolic blood pressure. The fourth hypothesis will be investigated in this research report by analysing an SPSS test called one sample t-test, the results of which will aid in understanding the people in the UK and those suffering from high blood pressure (Doval, 2017). The fifth and the last hypothesis will be investigated in this research report through the use of an SPSS test called multiple regression, the results of which will aid in the understanding of SBP levels in the UK and their relationship to BMI and fibrinogen levels.

5.4. Sample size

In this research, the data will be gathered from the survey where over 1000 respondents will respond according to the research criteria. This research is based on UK patients with cardiovascular disease, and it is found that there are a huge number of people who suffer from this disease globally (Kotseva, et al. 2019). This includes the primary reason for alcohol consumption as well as smoking habits, which are considered to be one of the most common factors among the people. Acoding to the sample size calculator, the population size for the research is need to be 10 times of the required respondent. In this research report the expected respondent is 1000 as sample size, and that is the reason the population size of this survey need to be 10000 according to the 95 % confidence level of +-3%.

6. Results analysis

Result analysis or the analysis of the findings is one of the most important elements in the area of research study, especially in the area of primary data collection and their analysis. Analysis of the result is important because analysis of the result will provide the real fact of the output related to the research study. In this specific section, the main discussion will be based on the findings and analysis of the research topic and this result will be the output of the SPSS analysis that has been done through the help of SPSS software. The software work of SPSS is mainly based on the response of a questionnaire that has been done through the 1000 respondents regarding the research topic. In this specific section, the result analysis section will include different analytical tables such as one-way descriptive, one way ANOVA, partial correlation, regression coefficient, and the t-test (Robinson, 2021). These different tables will and their analysis will help to find out the relation of the research hypothesis along with the research objectives and research questions. A detailed discussion of the different tables and their analysis are discussed below.

6.1. Onaway Descriptive

On the above statistical table of the one-way descriptive, there is statistical data in relation to the impact of the lifestyle of the cardiovascular people in the UK. In this table, the analysis mainly depends on the 100 respondent people through answering the questionnaire sent to them. This statistical table has different value elements such as mean value, standard deviation value, standard error value along with the lower bound value, upper bound, minimum value, and maximum value (Dag et al. 2018). This table has the data of the alcohol consumption of men and the smoking status of the UK people and its relation to cardiovascular disease, where it will be seen whether there is a strong relationship between them or not. In the analysis of alcohol consumption of men and the smoking status of the UK people is related to cardiovascular disease (Doval, 2017). This also means that reduction of the alcohol consumption and the smoking habit can reduce the chance of getting cardiovascular disease for the UK people, and through this test the hypothesis 1 has been proved.

6.2. Onaway ANOVA

On the above statistical table of the one-way ANOVA, there is statistical data in relation to the impact of the lifestyle of cardiovascular people in the UK in relation to alcohol consumption of men and the smoking status of the UK people. In this table, the analysis mainly depends on the two elements such as alcohol consumption of men and the smoking status of the UK people and its relation to cardiovascular disease, where it will be seen whether there is a strong relationship between them or not. This indicates that alcohol consumption of men and the smoking status of the UK people can develop the chance of getting cardiovascular disease (Zhang et al. 2019). This refers that obesity or the BMI is related to the disease of cardiovascular where the main reason starts with the blood that needs to supply the oxygen to the body and lead towards high BP which is affected by the alcohol consumption of men and the smoking status of the UK people. This also includes the huge pressure on the heart to pump the blood around, which leads to a heart attack, and through this test the hypothesis 2 has been proved.

6.3. Partial Correlation

On the above statistical table of the partial correlation, there is statistical data in relation to the impact of smoking status of the people in the UK and number of cigarettes smoked on weekdays along with the systolic BP. In this table, the analysis mainly depends on the two elements such as impact of smoking status of the people in the UK and number of cigarettes smoked on weekdays along with the systolic BP (Syazali, et al. 2019). In this table for the number of cigarettes smoked on the weekdays, and the smoking status is related to the heart disease of the UK people. This statistics table states that there is a relationship between systolic BP and the smoking status along with the number of cigarettes smoked on weekdays are closely related to the disease of cardiovascular disease (Dhana et al. 2020). During the time of smoking, the heart rate and the BP are increased and in the long term period, it increases the heart rate with the high blood pressure, where the chance of getting cardiovascular disease is common for smokers and drinkers, and through this test the hypothesis 3 has been proved.

6.4. One sample T-Test

On the above statistical table of the one sample T-test, there is statistical data in relation to the BMI rate of cardiovascular people in the UK along with the diastolic BP. In this table, the analysis mainly depends on the three different elements such as BMI rate of cardiovascular people in the UK and the diastolic BP. Table of this result has proven that there is a relationship between the diastolic BP and the BMI rate of cardiovascular people in the UK, which refers that dialostolic BP and BMI affect the risk of heart disease, and through this test the hypothesis 4 has been proved.

6.5. Multiple Regression

On the above statistical tables of the multiple regression, there is statistical data in relation to the systolic BP along with the result of BMI and Fibrinogen of cardiovascular people in the UK, where there area two diferent table such as regression correlation and regression ANOVA. In this table the analysis mainly depends on the systolic BP along with the result of BMI and Fibrinogen of cardiovascular people in the UK. After seeing the result of the above table it can be said that there is a relationship of the systolic BP with the fibrinogen leval and the BMI of the UK people, and through this test the hypothesis 5 has been proved.

7. Discussion

The above tables and the analysis indicate that there is a relationship of cardiovascular disease with the lifestyle of the people, where their lifestyle is determining the chance of getting this disease. Five tests have been conducted in this research using SPSS such as descriptive, one way ANOVA, partial correlation, one sample T-Test and multiple regressions. The first hypothesis explored in this research report by analyzing a one-way descriptive SPSS test, which will aid in understanding the link between persons suffering from cardiovascular disease and people's lifestyles in the UK, such as alcohol drinking behavior. In this study report, the second hypothesis was tested using an SPSS test called one way ANOVA, which will aid in understanding the relationship between smoking status and cardiovascular disease in the United Kingdom. The third hypothesis in this research report was explored using a partial correlation SPSS test, which will aid in understanding the association between smokers and individuals who suffer from systolic blood pressure in the United Kingdom. The fourth hypothesis was tested in this research report by analyzing an SPSS test called one sample t-test, which will aid in comprehending people in the United Kingdom and those who suffer from high blood pressure (Syazali, et al. 2019). The fifth and final hypothesis in this study report was explored using multiple regressions, an SPSS test whose results would aid in the knowledge of SBP levels in the UK and their relationship to BMI and fibrinogen levels. This also suggests that reducing alcohol intake and smoking habits can lower the risk of cardiovascular disease in the United Kingdom, and hypothesis 1 has been proven by this test. This also involves the enormous strain placed on the heart to pump blood around, which causes a heart attack, and hypothesis 2 has been proven by this test. The heart rate and blood pressure are elevated while smoking, and over time, it increases the heart rate with high blood pressure, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is frequent among smokers and drinkers, and hypothesis 3 has been proven by this test. The table of this result shows that there is a link between diastolic blood pressure and BMI in cardiovascular persons in the United Kingdom, implying that dialostolic blood pressure and BMI affect the risk of heart disease, and hypothesis 4 has been verified through this test. Following the results of the above table, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between systolic blood pressure, fibrinogen level, and BMI of UK citizens, and hypothesis 5 has been proven through this test.

7.1. Recommendation

There are some possible ways to reduce the chance of cardiovascular disease and live a long healthy life, they are highlighted as recommendations.

• There is a need to stop using tobacco and smoking, where the consumption of alcohol also needs to be restricted.
• There is a need to have a healthy diet that will not harm the heart or the blood circulation in the heart.
• There is a need to increase physical activity on a regular basis, where physical activity will help to reduce the extra fat from the body.
• There is a need to take proper rest and maintain a healthy weight, where stress would be managed properly.

7.2. Research Significance

This study will contribute to a better understanding of the patients in the United Kingdom who are suffering from cardiovascular disease as a result of their lifestyle choices. To determine the potential risk factors for cardiovascular disease patients and their relationship to their lifestyles. This will also entail the process of identifying the many causes of the disease and their consequences. This research will aid in the discovery of the various causes of cardiovascular disease, as well as the development of possible ways to alleviate this health condition so that patients can live a long life. This study will aid in determining the link between individuals in the United Kingdom's lifestyles and those who suffer from cardiovascular disease, as well as the link between people in the United Kingdom's smoking habits and those who suffer from cardiovascular disease (Gupta and Wood, 2019). This will also aid in determining the link between UK residents' alcohol consumption and those suffering from cardiovascular disease, as well as the link between UK residents' cholesterol levels and those suffering from cardiovascular disease, as well as the link between UK residents' BMI rate and fibrinogen levels and those suffering from cardiovascular disease.

8. Strengths and limitations

Strengths

The implementation of novel and advanced tools, which were employed for the portion of gathering data and deriving significant information, is a major strength factor related with the specific work. This gives a detailed description of the target population who took part in the survey. The information gathered will aid in the area of making the paper more precise and relevant in order to conduct better studies in the future.

Limitations

In order to collect data more correctly, the study contains a stronger application of modern data gathering technologies. On the other hand, when conducting the survey among the target audience, several participants showed little interest in giving the exact information essential for the study's successful completion. The selected factors can be further defined in order to investigate many other potential cardiovascular disease risks. Although the researcher used a secondary data base to analyse the impact, the researcher might consider using primary data because it is more accurate and reliable.

9. Conclusion

Following the examination of the preceding sections, it can be concluded that cardiovascular relates to the respiratory system, which includes the blood and heart vessels, as well as oxygen and nutrient problems in the body, and CO2 elimination. Cardiovascular disease refers to heart conditions that cause blood vessel damage. It's largely linked to fatty deposits and the danger of blood clots in those with atherosclerosis. Unhealthy eating habits, cigarette smoking, a lack of physical activity, excessive alcohol use, and other factors are all contributing to this illness. Symptoms of cardiovascular illness include chest discomfort, arm and limb weakness, angina, dyspnea, neck pain, throat pain, back pain, and other symptoms. Although there is no cure for this disease, it can be managed with the help of a healthy lifestyle and medical intervention. In order to live a long life, proper therapy is essential.

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