BlueIce App: Project Plan for Self-Harm Management Case Study

Introduction - Smartphone App Development: A Project Management Case

A Smartphone application will offer reachable, real-time management for the young persons to aid them to survive self-harming compulsions. (Favril, et. al. 2020). To aid increase psychological care or outcomes for the young persons who self-harm, the team at Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust is applying or analyzing self-management smartphone apps, particularly designed for a young individual between the ages of 12-17. A Bluelce application has been co-produced with the young persons who have a self-harmed or is intended as the helper to the treatment. It comprises moods observing book or the personalized self-help menu of amood-lifting happenings, containing music or photo collections, physical actions, audio-taped mindfulness or recreation exercises, challenging or determination of undesirable thoughts, and suffering tolerance accomplishments. After using this app, young people are requested to re-rate their moods or must route to an emergency number if they are quite feeling the compulsion to the self-harm. The BlueIce will accessible to the 50 young persons who are repeatedly self-harming or appearing in child or adolescent mental strength facility out-patient clinics situated crosswise bath and in North East Somerset, Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Swindon as well as Wiltshire. This task will include measuring the acceptability, effect, safety, or use of Bluelce. To safeguard that this project is successfully executed, the need has risen for the project leader to set-up the task managing team comprising smartphone application specialists who will implement project as a prerequisite.

The report will highlight a project management plan for a smartphone application named BlueIce. This study includes three major highlights in which different aspects of project management are included. In the first highlight, the report comprises of project life-cycle, project scope, and drivers along with the development and budget breakdown of the smartphone app project. In the second highlight, the study develops the understanding of risk aspects that are included in developing and maintaining the project application. And in the last task, all the participants and stakeholders that are involved in the project are discussed with their potential roles and responsibilities.

Task 1

Critically discuss the project scope and drivers

Projects are time-bound activities, which intend to yield value over results, products, or facilities that satisfy their aims or achievement parameters. It is dissimilar from further forms of management as of its time-bound character. Project management is use of the processes, techniques, competencies, and information to confirm the project’s effective completion. Management is ongoing movement, while project management is merely done in the duration of the project. The project management procedure is methodical method of handling projects from start to end (Nicholas, and Steyn, 2020). This contains planning, forming, executing, monitoring, or closing stages. Project scope is a part of project planning, which contains documenting or identifying the list of particular project tasks, goals, deadlines, deliverables, and costs. Documentation of the project's scope is known as the scope statement and terms of the reference (Muneer, et. al. 2022). A scope statement also offers the group rules for creating results about change requests during the project.

The ability to form projects, which facilitate the growth of the business is necessary for the overall attainment of an organization. However, several elements must work cohesively to attain successful outcomes. An innovative management solution has settled the following main drivers for successful project management:

• Leadership- Leadership in projects talks about constantly talking to persons about project drive, accomplishments, and challenges and thus getting unfiltered feelings or understanding of how people are doing (Cortellazzo, et. al. 2019). A leader is sincerely seeking to understand the concerns and interests of people included or have a strong individual drive to move things forward and proactively solve issues. The pros and cons of the strong leadership drive in project management are mentioned below:

Pros

1. Keep track of budgets and timelines- Strong leadership in project management has planned deadlines and budgets to complete the task effectively and successfully.
2. Reduce Project Risks- The better result of strong and effective leadership is it mitigates the major risk while performing the project task. The leadership drive of the company aligns the project statements and practices in a better manner through which the project risk will be reduced.
3. Develop a Competitive Advantage- These drivers leverage benefits of the project management that can help the company to gain a competitive advantage by developing the products or maintaining good relations with stakeholders and consumers.
4. Increase Productivity and Work Quality Overall- Leadership drivers work hard to increase the quality and productivity of projects by optimizing workflows and defining goals. These drives navigate and direct the way of doing the project to get better results and work quality of the products.

Cons

1. Lack of vision- Sometimes the project leader may not clearly define the vision and mission of the project which creates various hurdles in completion in team projection.
2. Creating a culture of mediocrity- If the leaders create an environment of un-evenness in the team, this will lead to demotivation in the employees, which develops underrated results of the project.
3. Reduction in consumer satisfaction- When the project leaders are not able to manage the project properly, then it will hurt the consumer satisfaction scores.

• Organizational Maturity- This measures the quality of an organization's operations. A business with a high maturity level can face issues and grab on the opportunities (Crawford, 2021). Developing organizational maturity is a gradual procedure, which emphasizes self-improvement. Organizational project supervision is consumption of awareness, abilities, tools, and techniques for project events.

Pros

1. Prioritized learning- One advantage of maturity models is the emphasis on constant improvement or learning.
2. Improved capability- Another advantage to using maturity models is the ability to develop the firm's and team's ability. By recognizing current stages, deficiencies, or strengths, companies are better able to identify areas they need to develop.
3. Applicable to many audiences- Teams of all types can use maturity models in the work, and many have consistent metrics, which make them equivalent or more useful to the business. Within each type of maturity model, several variations can grab specific goals and needs.
4. Aligns teams- The final benefit of maturity models is the capability to align groups toward cooperative goals or an organization's aims. As maturity models measure qualitative growth, they can aid companies to start interior strategic aims, which fit unique needs and priorities.

Cons

1. Managers must be on the same page for it to be the operative structure.
2. Workers in a matrix organizational structure are usually accountable to more than one direct superior.
3. Some workers might play leaders against each other.
4. Discord in managing ranks means there is less observation that occurs during the project.
5. Some employees may practice reporting confusion.
6. Though matrix organizational structure develops communication inside the organization, a dual-reporting model can also make some confusion for some employees.

• Business-driven Method- the business-driven method is any procedure of finding the data desirable to support business activities, acquiring and capturing those data, or retaining them in data resources (Lewowski, and Madeyski, 2022). A business-driven project managing method will link gap among company policies or project strategies. For this to ensure, a business must link the projects to the strategic edges.

Pros

1. Staff is more inspired- When staff is associated with a purpose, or when the purpose is the same, they will feel more engaged or more involved in the workplace.
2. Improved business presentation- When everyone is all aligned or pointing in the same direction, they are more likely to work better together and find ways to solve problems more rapidly.
3. Generates trust with developed relationships- Along with adding value, becoming more relational corporate will also lead to an increased amount of trust.

Cons

1. BPM projects are time-consuming- If managers take the look at the market, there are sufficient tools out there to help generate, manage, improve and share procedure maps - while there is no rapid way of doing this work.
2. Level of detail- Targeting a particular level of element is always a good plan when carrying out the process planning project. And receiving this right is easier said than complete. If a manager gets this wrong, it can set employees back or even scupper the whole project.
3. Deliverables- As mentioned above, a manager can be pulled off course comparatively rapidly by persons trying to plan a 'future state' procedure map, rather than focusing on how things recently happened the use of deliverables in the process maps must help with this.

• User Adoption- This is a procedure in new consumers and finale users to go through when they initiate using the new merchandise and positively commit to it in long-run (Cao, and Niu, 2019).

Pros

1. Inspires user development- One key benefits of having user acceptance policy is it inspires or strengthens consumer commitment or growth.
2. Reduces consumer mix- Consumers tend to agitate when they do not understand value they abstract which they would develop from the product. Along with right analysis techniques, manager will be able to promote when they start to drop interest in products.
3. High client lifetime assessment- CLA is useful metric to pathwayas it lets the managers see how they are spending on every user that obligates to the product, or value of that consumer over the association with a business.

Cons

1. This drive of project management leads to high costs of adoption.
2. The extended family may not agree with adoption hence these drivers of the project management create issues in the long run market.

Figure 1: Project life cycle

Project life cycle

The project life cycle is structure of four stages that are intended to aid project leaders to guide their assignments effectively from start to end (Tokede, et. al. 2021). A project life cycle aims to make an easy-to-follow outline to guide projects.

1. An initiation phase: This stage includes understanding the objectives, significance, deadlines, and risks of projects.
2. The planning phase: plan the tasks or their required timeline to implement on projects.
3. The execution phase: turn the plan into action or monitor the project performance.
4. A closure phase: This step involves the activities of analyzing outcomes, summarizing main learnings, and planning the next stages.

Project methodologies that are suitable to introduce the care pathway

Talking about project management methodologies it is an experience that there are top five methodologies, which give a way to handle or manage the project in a business. The project management methodology refers to the set of principles, tools and techniques, which are used to develop a project's strategy, and implement or accomplish projects.

• Agile methodology- This method is develop a cooperative manner to self-organize cross wise the teams (Salza, et. al. 2019). When executing this practise, project scheduling or job supervision is adaptive, evolutionary in growth, searching initial distribution, or is continually open to alter if that leads to the procedure upgrading.
• The project managing body of the knowledge (PMBOK)- This method is great traditional structure to run the project(Takagi, and Varajão, 2020). It is the book that PMI published that gathers the procedures, best practices, terms, and rules that are recognized norms in the sector. PMBOK offers definitions and strategies for project controlling, planning, executing, and scheduling.
• Critical path method (CPM)- This method works improved with minor and mid-sized tasks (Ba'Its, et. al. 2020). Larger the mission, more challenging it can be to take entire data that the project manager needs to draw or make logic of it without any project management software.
• Critical chain project management (CCPM)- In this method, a project manager is concentrating on the resources that will be used by the project managers to complete a project, with proper teams, tools, workplace, etc (Ariyanti,et. al. 2021). Can be functional for both small and large enterprises, and for projects that contain industries like software development, tech research and development, and construction.
• Lean methodology- This project management methodology denotes what the leader will think it is by the project’s name (Innella, et. al. 2019). The way to cut waste or in so doing rise values in the projects and manufacturing procedures are also estimated by the project manager to complete the task. So, lean concentrates on reducing excess from them a in procedures to constantly be influencing surely on value field. It does this by enhancing distinct verticals, tools, and belongings.

An evaluation of the suitability of each project methodology chosen for this project

For project planning of the BlueIce app, a project methodology that is mainly used in PMBOK and agile methodology. As the PMBOK gives a proper way of implementing and achieving the project goals. And on the other hand agile methodology regularly improved the performance of a project by using upgraded technology. In Agile methodology, sustainability here refers to forming the development in a professional, measurable, consistent, and repeatable manner. Whereas, in PMBOK sustainability denotes a fixed timing and deadlines of the project completion,in which both organization and individuals have equal importance in achieving the task objectives.

Figure 2: Mobile development cost chart

A budget breakdown and timeline for the development, installation, maintenance, and training for the Smartphone app

The app development budget breakdown is discussed as under:

• Mobile app functionality- It considers what a project developer wants the app to do and in what manner.
• Platforms or devices supported- An app will be developed cross-platform for iOS and Android, and might be for one of the platforms.
• Third-party appincorporation- This will develop the app to be integrated with the third-party app also.
• The complexity of graphic elements- The number or complexity of visuals that an app will contain, also requires budget planning to eliminate the complexity of making project visuals.
• The complexity of app features- A complexity of features will describe the complexity of the app itself.
• Maintenance strategy- once the app improvement project is done, positively it will need technical maintenance from the developer.

An application development procedure can be distributed into numerous phases. Each stage will take a piece of the app development budget, or knowing the price per phase can help the project manager to get more accurate answersto the budget planning questions.

Figure 3: Mobile app budget for each development phase

Development and implementation of the smartphone budget development plan are described:

• Strategy phase cost- This phrase means the same thing as an in-depth study of market research, consumer research, objective description, and MVP model of a mobile application.
• App designing cost- The smartphone app design phase implies wire framing, visual design (UI), prototyping application, and user experience design. As first impression is important, an application’s design is extremely important to help the experience, which appeals to the consumers and gets them hooked.
• App development cost- An app developer should estimate this as the most expensive stage. After designing, the app goes into the production phase, this is where customers get in ‘touch’ with their application for the first time (Sinka,et. al. 2021). According to the design received, developers can evaluate the cost of development or can give the estimated time of completion.
• App deployment and testing cost- The aggregate time required to test the application is calculated by its complexity and the app’s objective(Shams,et. al. 2019). A smartphone app developer should know that number of complex natures or a higher number of screens, will reproduce in higher costs as well as time. In-depth testing by QA team members refers tothe user experiences, and fewer issues that are faced by users; in terms of bugs, lags, and glitches.
• App marketing budget- Other than the above main four budgeting criteria of the app development, the marketing budget is also that much required by the project manager to successfully introduce the mobile app in the market. In today's era, the good app will sell by itself, now with millions of applications in the google store and app store, an app developer must plan or invest to get some visibility in the app store.
• App maintenance budget- If a project manager considers building the mobile app, then they should deliberate budgeting for ongoing and maintenance app development that the manager will have to deal with. More frequently than not, the cost to maintain or support an application can be amazingly higher than the original cost of the app development.

A project manager can also discover risks related to team fellows, like a lack of motivation and skills. A third type of risk is typically related to the exterior factors which are changes in the market situations and controlling project necessities. Risks are suspicions, which might affect projects. These suspicions can be either inner or outer to the company's project. Interior risks create inside the project team, comprising lack of skills, resources, or poor communication. Contractual risk can be referred to as the probability of experiencing financial loss and other penalties as a result of the party's failure to observe an essential term of the contract. These types of risks might arise in various ways. Such areas of risk are non-performance translates in contract implementation risks -the probability that terms will not be met or obligations will be penetrated, economic risks - failure of one of the parties to fulfill financial obligations of a contract, or reputational risks - bad relationships with the 3rd parties, etc.

Key players	Responsibilities
Project Manager:	Responsible for the overall success of the project, including planning, budgeting, and scheduling.
Designer:	Responsible for the overall look and feel of the app, including user interface design and user experience design.
Developer:	Responsible for coding and implementing the app, including debugging and testing.
Tester:	Responsible for quality assurance and testing, including regression testing and user acceptance testing.
Business analyst:	Responsible for understanding the business requirements and defining the functional requirements for the app.
Product Owner:	Responsible for the overall vision and direction of the app and ensuring that it meets the needs of its target audience.

Figure 4: Different responsibilities in different project types

Task 2

Critically evaluate the risks and risk management strategies

Project management is an essential part of any organization or company (Gunduz, and Almuajebh, 2020). It aids to manage the task of the team or also aids in decreasing risks related to it. The risks can be opportunities and threats or can be recognized through numerous methods. Risk denotes future improbability about aberration from predictable earnings and probable results. It measures uncertainty, which stakeholder is enthusiastic to take and understand the improvement from the investment. Risks can derive in several forms, comprising risks connected to the project, like reasonable delays, scope creep, and over runs. Here are several risk issues in project management.

Figure 5: Project management risk

Risk in the project management description denotes those parts in which scheduling can lead to diverse significances (Willumsen, et. al. 2019). Such risks are often more common than others. Some of the common risks contain:

• Absence of a clear objective and goal.
• Poor communication or lack of clearness.
• Lack of assets, expertise, and time to accomplish the project.
• An insufficient financial plan to widespread the project.
• Uncertain roles or accountabilities between team members.

The risk management plan is crucial part of a risk managing development (Gasmi, et. al. 2020). After classifying risks as well as evaluating the probability of happening, a manager will need to decide how to treat them.

There are 4 key risk management policies, and these are denoted as a non-legal solution for risk mitigation in project development and management:

• Risk acceptance- This methodology would not be decrease influence of the risk and even avoid it from events; however, that is not essentially dreadful thing.
• Risk transference- The risk is transmitted through contract to the outside party who accept risk on the company’s behalf. Selecting to transmission the risk does not wholly eliminate it.
• Risk avoidance- Risk is removed by not taking any act, which will mean risk can be happen. If project managers select this method, they are pointing to removeprobability of risk arising.
• Risk reduction- Risk decrease is the common approach when it derives to the risk treatment. Sometimes, it is called as lowering risk. By choosing this method, project manager would be essential to work out actions and movements they can take, which will make risks more controllable.

Figure 6: Pros and Cons of risk management strategies

The above figure shows both the negative and positive sides of the risk management strategies that are adopted in developing or implementing the project.

Legal and non-legal solutions to minimize any risk involved in the Smartphone app development, installation, maintenance, and training

Legal solutions for risk mitigation are discussed as follows:

• Insurance- Companies face host of risks, which could consequence in considerable liabilities. Several kinds of guidelines are obtainable, containing strategies for the tenants, landlords, and landlords to cover accountability experienced on properties, for producers or the suppliers for the responsibility suffered on all the premises, for an organization’s goods, or on the finished operations for an accountability, which results from guarantees on the goods and injuries affected by-products.
• Smart contracting- In contract law created to perimeter the risk in the contracts, various prescribed drafters indicate to comprise “liquidated damages” sections (Van der Elst, and Lafarre, 2019). These are declarations in contract, which spell-out that what harms will be if a contract is broken. This creates damages assured and lowers the risk for constricting parties.
• Regulatory review- Many companies invent it valuable to pre-emptively hire the attorney to appraise products for monitoring or lawsuit risk before introducing product. For fee, the particular counsel can inspect product or can deliver a report on possible supervisory violations and the lawsuit risks.
• Pre-emptive tort defence- Physical precautions against the injury can assist to decrease the possibility of possible unattended litigations by avoiding harm in first place (Hibo, 2023). Companies who practice wise for pre-emptive tort protection can lessen their legal risks significantly.
• Knowing the law- Key way to decrease lawful risk is merely to be acquainted with law. The counsellor will not constantly be about to access it, and it might be cost excessive to use those facilities at a time.

Task 3

Consider who should be included in the project team and how the team needs to be structured and managed to ensure the project is implemented successfully

The structure of the project completion is followed the same as the image below (Stepinac,et. al. 2020). Most of the projects have similar functional structures to successfully or effectively manage the project. The following structure of the project reflects that every participant engaged in the project which has their particular place and responsibilities according to their position.

Figure 7: Project team structure

Identify key stakeholders in this project and their relative power/ interest and explain how to minimize conflicts between some of the key stakeholders involved in the project

The stakeholders that are participating in the project are listed below with their roles and responsibility (Nasr,et. al. 2020):

• Project sponsor- A project sponsor is generally a leader who is interested in the result and outcome of the project but manages the work from the parent company.
• Project manager- The major responsibility of the project depends upon the project manager. Responsibilities incurred under the project manager role are developing and implementing the project plan along with allocating resources, work processes, and team member selection.
• Project control- The project control manager incurred the responsibilities of cost reporting, planning, and budget estimation of the project.
• Project procurement- The procurement manager manages the team of the supply chain or the allocation of raw materials in the project(Owusu, et. al. 2019). The manager procures commodities, partnerships, and procurement from vendors.
• Technical management- A technical manager has the responsibility of incurring or inherent the updated technology into the project and avoiding the technical complexity of the project.
• Project quality- The project manager hires a project quality manager to manage the quality of the project with a piece of technical knowledge. They focus on the quality of the project work process as well as the consumer's product.
• Project administration- The responsibility involved in the role of project administration are legal services, human resource management, accounting services, property management, and other support functions that are found in different organizations.

Sometimes stakeholders have conflicts between them as they have different mind-set at the workplace(Derakhshan, et. al. 2019). To mitigate or effectively respond to the stakeholder conflict there are ways that are described below:

• Withdrawing- Many managers hate fights or avoid it as ample as possible. Extracting from conflict does not create it go away. Concerns will certainly surface later in project or will probable cause further hurt than if spoken timely.
• Compromising- This method deal with conflict by searching for the points on which the stakeholders can compromise.
• Problem-solving- Turn differences in suggestions in the problem to be solved by participants through a cautious examination of alternatives.

Conclusion

From the above-mentioned report, it is concluded that every project has its way of completion. The report concludes with the various project scope as well as project drivers discussed through differentiating the project manager’s responsibilities with their advantages and disadvantages. It is also concluded what are aspects of the project development and maintenance, and how can budget breakdown is possible. It is summarized that various projects have a different level of risk and all have different solutions. At last, the participants and stakeholders of the project are identified with an effective respond to the stakeholder conflict.

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