SHN6502: Contemporary Issues in Public Health Assignment Sample

Background

The Childhood obesity particular is developing public health issue within the UK, along with the implications long term for the economy, social equity and health. Based on the NCMP (National child measurement programme), children aged of the 4 to 5 years more than 10.1 % and children year of 10 to 11 more than 22.7% within the England are mainly England are recognised as the particularly obese (Overweight children, 2024). The different rates are effectively higher between the children who are living within areas which are most deprived. In this the obesity is particular double from the children of background affluent.

Social perspective: Determinates socially like as community environment, education and housing contribute to obesity of childhood. The different families within area deprived have the access with the limitation to the safe space and healthy food for the activity physical. The health literacy lack and cultural norms might affect the lifestyle behaviours and food choices.

Economic perspective: The families’ poor effectively dependent on the foods ultra-processed, calorie dense and cheaper to the constraints financial (Fisher, 2019). Childhood price of obesity is important, this mainly contribute to developing expenditure of the NHS with the conditions of the obesity within children (like as issues of mental health and diabetes type 2 early onset) yearly costing millions. Moreover, the impacts long term involve productivity future economic and decreased academic performance.

Political perspective: Government of UK introduced plan of childhood obesity within the different phases (2020, 2019 and 2018), this involves the restriction on the major (HFSS) high sugar salt, fat food advertising, programmes physical activity based on the school and targets of decreasing sugar. On the other hand, application has mainly inconsistent and also the experts of the public health have faces issues related to lack of emphasise on the systemic change and inequality.

The target group identified for the major issue which is related to the children who are aged of the 4 to 11 and are within the households of the lower income.

Literature Review

According to Trudel-Fitzgerald et al, 2019 the childhood obesity be a major concerns of public health within UK, the current data showcases that the more than on within the 4 children are obese in age of 10 and 11. The pandemic of the COVID-19 exacerbating the overall trend as well, mainly between the older children.

(NCMP) National Child measurement programme: As per the Das et al, 2020, NCMP is the initiative yearly which measures the weight and height of reception children years 6 (10 to 11 ages) and (4 to 5 ages) within the England. Within the year 2022 to 2023 year of school, the major prevalence of obesity reduced within the both groups of age to the past year. On the other hand, based on the Atkinson et al, 2020, persist disparities, with the children within areas most deprived exhibits the rates obesity more than twice within areas of least deprived. The NCP offers the data comprehensive, permitting the policy development and targeted interventions (National Child measurement program, 2024). On the other hand, Efficiency within the trends monitoring, NCMP lack the strategies of the direct intervention to resolve the obesity root cause. The major strength is that NCMP offer the comprehensive data permitting the policy development and targeted interventions. However, the efficiency within the trends monitoring NCMP lacks the strategies of the direct intervention to resolve obesity’s root cause.

Change4life campaign: As White et al, 2021 states that it has been launched by the England’s Public health, the Change4life focuses to encourage the lifestyles healthier between the families and children via the community engagement, advertising and resources. On the other hand, the overall campaign affect the rates of obesity and actual change in behaviour is limited, mainly between the disadvantaged groups of social economically.

Rationale For Poster

“Small changes today and healthier children tomorrow”

Campaign objectives and goals: Primary goal majorly of campaign in public health is to decrease childhood obesity prevalence, between the aged children 4 to 11 within the disadvantaged socioeconomically communities. The overall campaign emphasise on gaining the following objectives:

• Support the awareness of policy like as significant of sugar decrease initiatives and standards of the school meals.
• Social and influence norms via developing the family involvement and support based on the community (Rolfe et al, 2020).
• Boost the skills for the active play and meal planning.
• Develop the behaviour change via encouraging choices of the healthier lifestyle within school and home.
• Change beliefs and attitudes related the physical inactivity, screen time and junk food.
• Boss knowledge between the children and parent related the risk of health in obesity and advantages of managing the physical activity and diet.

Targeted rationale and audience: Target audience mainly is caregivers and parents of aged 4 to 11 children, mainly those who are living within the communities within low income. These are households within the higher risk because of different aspects like as physical activity of lower engagement, decreased the access to the play outdoor safe areas, nutritional knowledge lack and food insecurity (Søvold et al, 2021). Targeting the major parent mainly is significance because this effective influence the lifestyle habits, daily routines and food environment of children. Moreover, the children would be recipients secondary, absorbing the conveyed messages at the school and home as well.

Communication goals of poster: The overall poster needs to offers as the visual trigger which motivates, educates and informs. This should:

• Encourage the action immediately, like as swapping snacks of sugar for fruits and walking more.
• Develop the associations positively with the nutritious eating and physical activity
• Offer the practical and clear advice on the habits healthy
• Increasing awareness of the consequences long term and risks of the obesity in the childhood

Reach and Medium: The poster would be effectively distributed in both digitally and physically. The printed versions would be provided within the community centres, libraries, waiting areas GP and primary schools. In context to digitally, overall campaign would use the platforms of the social media (like as Instagram and Facebook) to effectively reach out the online parents, mainly those who are active within the groups of local parenting (Mansfield et al, 2020). The overall hybrid strategy assures that the campaign can reach out those who are having health literacy and digital access.

In order to develop action, the poster would involve the QR codes which are aligning to the more resources (such as groups of local support, activity ideas low cost and videos of healthy recipe) as well as the hashtag challenges of social media to the develop the family participation within the different healthy behaviours.

Key Message

The major message is based on the small changes today and the healthier children tomorrow.

The major supporting arguments involve:

• Statistics highlighting the developing chronic illness links and rates of obesity
• The visuals of the children and healthy meals effectively engaging within the physical fun activity
• The short slogan such as play each day and swap the snacks with sugar
• The practical benefits like as health long term, school performance and developed mood
• The overall poster would manage the factual accuracy with the emotional appeal, focusing to develop the empowerment

Evaluation and effectiveness: The campaign surveys pre and also post effectively measuring the shifts within the reported behaviours (Developed diets and active playtime) and parental knowledge (McKee & Krentel, 2022). The social media’s engagement rates (hashtag use, shares and likes). The feedback from the community organisations and schools hosting poster.

The success indicators short term involve the engagement and awareness, while measures of long term involve the NCMP data and BMI monitoring.

Solutions And Barriers

Cultural insensitivity: Messaging generic cannot particularly resonate with the groups of diversity. The solution is to Co-design the major poster along with the developed language and visuals accordingly, local communities.

Digital exclusion: Not each households mainly have the access of internet. The solution is to manage poster physical within the areas of high traffic. Utilise the outreach based on community workers to host the sessions of information and leaflets printed distribution.

Differences health literacy: Some of the audience can face issues with the language with the complexity. The solution is to utilise the jargon free and simple language with the major images which include the understandings.

Underpinning the theory of behavioural: The overall campaign is align with the SCT (social cognitive theory). This mainly understands that the change behavioural is effectively influenced via environments, behavioural and personal aspects. Key applied concepts involve:

The positive online challenges and messaging offer the reward and motivation as well. The major campaign develop the confidence via the simple and achievable objectives. The parents and children learn via effectively seeing the modelled of healthy behaviours within the imagery campaign.

By encouraging the sustainable and small changes, the overall campaign support the habit formation long term and avoids the audience overwhelming. Effectively combing the approaches based on community with the SCT.

Ethics

Designing the poster of public health to resolve the obesity of childhood includes the major ethical responsibilities. The considerations ethically needs to assure that the overall campaign develop the heath without the stigma enhancement, secure the principles of the social justice, accessibility, equity and secure the vulnerable populations.

The major ethical frameworks which is related to the major campaign is effectively principles, this involves the 4 ethical principles primary like as justice, autonomy, non-maleficence (harm avoiding) and beneficence (good) (Chua et al, 2021). The overall poster needs to offers the beneficial information of health while reducing the harm, this involves the stigma within the size of body, shame and promoting the guilt. This needs to offers support to the autonomy via encouraging the children and parents with the tools practically to develop the choices informed, apart from the moralistic messages and prescriptive.

 The social justice particular is major concern. The obesity within the childhood disproportionately put impact on the children who are from the households of low income. The poster needs to be developed with the inequality structured awareness and focus to decrease the disparities within the health. It is lines up with the approach capability via the Martha Nussbaum and Amartya sen, this focuses on the offering individuals with the resources and freedom to develop healthy lives. The overall campaign needs to focus on the delivery of information to resolve the social and environmental barriers which contain choices healthier.

In order to reduce the functional and health literacy, overall poster needs to utilise the jargon free and clear language, this is supported via the different visuals which mainly are interpret easily. The literacy of health is not only about the capability to read but this is relayed to the act, process and understand on the information in health (White et al, 2021). The accessibility involves readability of the consideration and visual impairment for the audience neurodiversity who can procedure the different information.

Within the representation of ethics terms, this is significant for the features and also to imply and idealised the types of body which alone results from the poor choices of individual. The poster need to showcase the body types, cultural backgrounds and diverse families. It offers help in promoting the inclusive dialogue and avoid the major blame.

Finally, utilising the changes behavioural theories like as theory of social cognitive needs to be implemented ethically to offer support to the modelling positively.

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Conclusion

Conclusively it states that the Change4life and NCMP have effectively contributed to the efforts of UK to combat the obesity in childhood. On the other hand, the efficiency is focused via the disparities in the persistent socioeconomic and requirement for the multi-faceted and comprehensive approaches. The interventions in future needs to integrate the overall monitoring with the structural factors, environmental and direct action which influence the behaviours of health. By encouraging the sustainable and small changes, the campaign support the habits of long term and avoid audience overwhelming.

References

Books and journals

• Atkinson, S., Bagnall, A.M., Corcoran, R., South, J. and Curtis, S., 2020. Being well together: Individual subjective and community wellbeing. Journal of happiness studies, 21(5), pp.1903-1921.
• Chua, B. L., Al-Ansi, A., Lee, M. J., & Han, H. (2021). Impact of health risk perception on avoidance of international travel in the wake of a pandemic. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(7), 985-1002.
• Das, K. V., Jones-Harrell, C., Fan, Y., Ramaswami, A., Orlove, B., & Botchwey, N. (2020). Understanding subjective well-being: perspectives from psychology and public health. Public Health Reviews, 41, 1-32.
• Fisher, M. (2019). A theory of public wellbeing. BMC public health, 19, 1-12.
• Mansfield, L., Daykin, N., & Kay, T. (2020). Leisure and wellbeing. Leisure Studies, 39(1), 1-10.
• McKee, M., & Krentel, A. (2022). Issues in public health: Challenges for the 21st century. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
• Rolfe, S., Garnham, L., Godwin, J., Anderson, I., Seaman, P., & Donaldson, C. (2020). Housing as a social determinant of health and wellbeing: developing an empirically-informed realist theoretical framework. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1138.
• Søvold, L. E., Naslund, J. A., Kousoulis, A. A., Saxena, S., Qoronfleh, M. W., Grobler, C., & Münter, L. (2021). Prioritizing the mental health and well-being of healthcare workers: an urgent global public health priority. Frontiers in public health, 9, 679397.
• Trudel-Fitzgerald, C., Millstein, R. A., Von Hippel, C., Howe, C. J., Tomasso, L. P., Wagner, G. R., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2019). Psychological well-being as part of the public health debate? Insight into dimensions, interventions, and policy. BMC public health, 19, 1-11.
• White, J., Sepúlveda, M. J., & Patterson, C. J. (Eds.). (2021). Understanding the well-being of LGBTQI+ populations.

Online

• National Child measurement program, 2024. Online. Available through <https://digital.nhs.uk/services/national-child-measurement-programme/>
• Overweight children, 2024. Online. Available through https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/health/diet-and-exercise/overweight-children/latest/