UK Media Coverage Dissertation

How Does UK Media Coverage Of International Students' Migration Compare To That Of Other Major Destinations Like The US, Canada Or Australia?

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Research Background

Migration is defined as the change in the residence by a person for any purpose. The major purpose of migration is education. This simply means that people leave their native place to study abroad. The media coverage is defined as attracting the target audience so that they avail the services provided. Within the field of education, migration takes many as many people tend to leave their native place and enter new places to study at better places (Anderson, 2020). Based on the different countries there is a variation in the different countries and their ways of attracting the student. International student migration is a concept under which the student goes to a new place to get an education. It is very essential for the student that they must effectively try to manage and use the better and good resources for education. Further, many of the countries have a much better education system. To avail of better quality services, the students tend to leave their native place and go to the places in which better quality service is provided.

The current thesis is based on the analysis of the state of students within the UK. Further, within UK the international student migration is more. So the current study will assist in acknowledging the facts of why the UK is a better place to study. In comparison to other places like the US, Canada, Australia and many others the UK is a better option for the studies (Weimer and Barlete, 2020). There are many different components and factors which make the UK a better place for education. Thus, the current study will explore the factors and the amenities which make the UK a better place for migrants for education.

1.2 Aim and Objectives

Research Aim

The study aims to assess how media coverage attracts international student migration more in the UK as compared to other major destinations l-ike the US, Canada, and Australia.

Research Objectives

• To develop an understanding relating to the concept of media coverage and international migration.
• To compare the facts and statistics relating to international student migration in the UK with other countries like the US, Canada and Australia.
• To assess the factors which contribute towards the UK becoming a better destination for international migration.
• To recommend some of the ways through which the attraction to more international student migration can be increased.

Research Questions

1. What is the concept of media coverage in international migration?
2. What are the comparative facts and figures relating to the UK with the US, Canada and Australia?
3. What are the factors which make the UK a better place for international migrant students?

1.3 Research Significance

In the current environment, the competition is much and resultantly of this, there are lot many issues which student has to face while undertaking studies. However, when an effective type of education is not provided in the country then the student tends to leave the place and go to the places where better services and education are provided. Hence, the student must have a clear knowledge that which area provides for a better type of education facilities (Lee, 2022). However, when in case the student does not have clear knowledge relating to the areas of study then it will affect the working of the country and the educational system greatly. Moreover, another significance of the current study is for the other countries as well except for the UK. It is due to this reason that with the help of the present study, the other countries will come to know why the UK is a better place for education and similarly the other countries can also work on managing the issues well and try to improve their working.

1.4 Research Rationale

Education is the key for the country to grow and develop as when the country has a good education system then they will be in a position to manage and improve their condition. So the major reason for the selection of the current study topic is that it will assist the student in understanding why the UK is a better education hub in comparison to other destinations like Australia, Canada and others. Education is the key which makes a country better than others in comparison and this is the reason that the UK is performing well (Netierman et al, 2022). In case the education system and other factors of the UK are not better then it will affect the working greatly. Another reason for the selection of the current topic is to compare the fact that why UK is a better option in comparison to others like the US, Australia and others. Along with this, the scholar has their own personal and academic interest in the current topic and because of this, the current research topic is selected.

1.5 Dissertation Structure

Chapter 1: Introduction

This is the first chapter which sets out the base for the whole study and also provides a brief overview of the current research topic. Along with this the current chapter also outlines the detail of aim and objectives and the reason for selecting the topic.

Chapter 2: Literature Review

It includes an in-depth analysis of the different types of articles, journals and other scholarly articles relating to the topic of research. It is used for conducting in-depth analysis and developing of understanding of the research topic.

Chapter 3: Research Methodology

This chapter outlines a detailed evaluation of the methods to be used for the completion of the research. It will include an analysis of the variety of methods available to complete the study.

Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Findings

This chapter will focus on analysing the data found and this will help the researcher in increasing the subject knowledge and ultimately the objectives will be attained better.

Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation

It is the last chapter which will summarise the findings and also some of the recommendations will be provided for the better future working of the study.

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CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

The literature review is defined as a concept which aims at analysing and evaluating the concepts critically. It is crucial because when the literature reviews are conducted then knowledge relating to a particular topic can be enhanced to a great extent. In the current chapter, the literature review will be conducted relating to the media coverage and international migration. Further it will also be comparing the statistical facts and figures relating to the UK and other countries education and migration level. Also, it will emphasise analysing the factors which provide better service in terms of the UK as compared to the other countries.

2.2 Knowledge relating to media coverage and international migration

According to the views of Steiner, (2023) media coverage is defined as a method with the help of which the attention of a person is received by a company or a brand who is performing the media coverage. This media coverage can be done with different kinds of methods such as broadcasting social media and other digital platforms. In support of this Galantino, (2022) stated that when the appropriate media coverage is provided to a particular aspect then it will get promoted. More of the people are attracted towards the things which are promoted with the help of media coverage. On the other hand, Silber Mohamed and Farris, (2020) stated that International migration is defined as a concept which includes people travelling to another country for education or seeking jobs. They leave their native place to go to another country which is international and new to them. Within this country, purpose can be anything that is education doing the job or any other development opportunities.

In the current competitive environment, things are changing very frequently and rapidly. This is very necessary for companies and people so that they get well trained with these changes easily and effectively. However, due to the reason that when the latest trends are not followed by the people then automatically it will be affecting the working and life. International migration is particularly being done for education. Further, in foreign countries and other developed countries such as the UK, US, Canada and many other different countries. Heidenreich et al, (2020) contemplated that for the top university and colleges to attract the international miser and the appropriate media coverage must be provided to the university and the colleges. Further, when better media coverage and promotion are provided to the university then more of these students will know that particular University and consequently they will be attracted to admissions there.

Thus, it is the responsibility of the university that day to effectively conduct the media coverage so that they can cover a good market share. According to Theorin and Strömbäck, (2020), the competition within the education sector is also very intense and there are many key players which provide better education. So to meet this competitive level effective Strategies for media coverage must be prepared. In case the media coverage is not appropriate then more of the students will not be attracted and it might result in getting less of admissions. Further, with the help of effective media coverage, there are certain benefits which can be enjoyed by the University in the UK and all over the world.

According to the views increasing credibility and trust is the most common benefit of good and positive media coverage. It is due to reason that when the positive media coverage is from the motor then it increases brand awareness among these students and also provides a better and more effective base for the students to decide on the universities. It is particularly due to the reason that when the effect of media coverage is done then automatically it and answers the brand image and brand awareness. On the other hand Rone, (2022) stated that increased opportunities in the field of international migration is another benefit of media coverage. It is a benefit to the Universities and education providers that when appropriate media coverage is done then better opportunities will be developed for the university. It will be developed in terms of different new admissions and many different benefits as well.

2.3 Comparing the facts and statistics about international student migration

In the views of King et al, (2024) the working pattern of the various countries is different and for this, effective type of facilities must be provided. There are different kind of countries which provides a wide variety of services relating to education. Hence, the countries effectively provide better services to the students so that they are attracted towards the universities and colleges for the appropriate taking of the education. McLeay, Lichy and Asaad, (2020) states that in the case of the UK, the education system is much better and for this, effective type of facilities must be provided to the student which makes the UK more feasible for studies. Within the US the cost of living is slightly higher as compared to the UK which is approximately 0.49 %. The approximate cost of living in the UK is £547 per month and in the case of the USA, it is approximately $1000-1500. With this, it is clear that in case the student will be going to the US for studies then the daily expenses will be more and resultantly of this total expenses for the person will increase. On the other hand, in the case of the UK, the student will be living then they will have to bear fewer expenses and this will help in saving money which can further be used in any other areas.

On the other hand Cheng et al, (2024) also stated that in comparison to Canada as well the UK has having lower cost of living which is beneficial. In the case of Canada, the living cost for international students is approximately CAD 18000-20000 which is more than in comparison to the UK. Thus, with this, it is clear that the education system of the UK is less expensive and resulted in the students preferring to go to the UK for education. Moreover, Raghuram and Sondhi, (2022) argued that the duration of the courses is also different in the case of both the UK and US universities. This is because of the reason that in the case of the UK, the course duration for any of the undergraduate programmes is three years. On the other side, in the case of the US, the degree duration for the undergraduate programme is four years which is one year more. This simply means that 1 year extra will be required by the student in case the education needs to be taken from a US university.

Mason, (2021) contended that the grading system of both countries is also different and resultantly of this, the level of education is a little different. All American schools and universities make use of A to F grades and the system of GPA to calculate the scores of the students. On the other hand, the UK system of education makes of the grades with honours like the first class, second class, pass or fail and other related terminologies. Moreover, this difference in the grading system also creates issues when the student compares their level of knowledge with any of the other students who have taken education from any of the other universities or different countries.

Further, with the comparison to another country like Australia, it is clear that in the UK the total number of students present is 605130 approximately and in Australia it is 370000 only. With this figure, it is clear that the UK is more prominent in attracting more students. Also, Hastings et al, (2023) stated that with this figure it is clear that the media coverage in the UK is much better and resultantly the overall UK education system is improved. In case effective media coverage is not present then the UK universities and education system will not be appropriate and more students will not be attracted towards the working of the universities and other education systems.

Xi, (2020) also contemplated that based on the visa as well there is a lot of difference in the working of the countries and the education system. This is due to the reason that the requirement of visa for the students to enter into the new countries is also different. In the views of Han, Gulanowski and Sears, (2022) for the UK that full-time student visa is named a Tier 4 (General) student visa. The application of this visa is only in case when the person is going for a full-time study program and also in case this visa is applied for a degree course in university then the visa length will be four years. On the other side, in case any diploma course is applied then the visa lasts for 3 years only. The approximate cost for the application of the visa is £310 and also there will be a requirement of paying an additional £310 for every dependent visa. Further Brooks and Waters, (2022) critically acclaimed that within the case of Australia, the student is not provided in the form of a sticker. Also, the cost of applying for the visa is $680 approximately. Further, in the case of the student who is pursuing a Master’s degree or a PhD then the spouse will automatically become dependent and can be working in Australia for unlimited hours.

On the other side, Liu and Liu, (2021) stated that in the case of the US as well there are different types of visas which are available for the student to get admission in the USA. This includes an F1 student visa which is applicable for programs like MBA, MS and others. Another type of visa is the J1 Exchange Visitor Visa which is applied for the students and lecturers who are going to pursue exchange programs. Moreover, another category of the visa is the M1 visa which helps with studying with technical and vocational schools. Thus, Koslowski and Ding, (2024) stated that when the effective type of education needs to be taken then the student has to select the best university. In case the selection of the university is not good then the student will not be learning well and eventually the overall efficiency will be impacted. Also, with the statistics, Hu, Xu and Tu, (2022) stated that the UK is a better and cheaper option for studies and the overall development of the student will take place when education from the UK is taken.

2.4 Evaluation of factors contributing towards the UK becoming a better destination for international migrant student

According to Wei et al, (2020), cheap education is one of the factors that make the UK an effective destination for migrant students as compared to other countries like the US and Australia. Migrant gets affordable to study in the UK from their preferred universities like Middlesex University and London School of Planning and Management. As compared to the UK, the United States is top of the list that provides expensive education. The tuition fees range from a few thousand dollars per annum to $ 50000 at private institutions whereas Australian tuition fees range from USD 13000 to USD 29000. Apart from this UK tuition fees are only 12600 to 25200 USD.

In the opinion of Sin, Antonowicz, and Wiers-Jenssen, (2021) one of the factors that make the UK an attractive destination for migrant students is that the UK is home to top universities. It includes Oxford, Cambridge, Imperial College London, University of Edinburgh, etc. These universities are well-known for their wide range of courses including R & D, medicines, humanities, arts, and other courses. The migrant students get better options for professional learning in the UK and they prefer the UK for study as compared to other ones. Also, in the education system of the UK courses are shorter as well as more intensive than in other countries correspondingly students graduate in a shorter time without compromising on quality. Students can complete undergraduate programs within three years and postgraduate in just one year. Thus, top universities and shorter as well as quality courses make the UK an efficient place for migrant students. On the other hand, Abbas et al, (2021) outlined that in the UK immigrant restrictions are rigid correspondingly migrant students face problems with visa applications, work renewals as well as work limitations. Students have to follow rules or risk deportation, which leads to decreased employment options for students. Thus, a factor of immigration policies sometimes makes the UK a less preferable destination for migrant students. Due to this factor, students prefer other countries like Romania and Ireland instead of the UK.

In the views of Lee, (2022), another factor is the wide range of support for migrant students from universities and the government of the UK in the form of online and offline. Each university in the UK establishes its offices to address the requirements of international students, and to answer their questions regarding housing, tuition, academic support and so more. In addition, the UK Council for International Students Affairs also provides various services and resources for international students. The wide range of support from universities and government makes it suitable for migrant students to study in the UK instead of other countries. Migrant students feel safe and protected and this factor makes the UK an effective destination for migrant students.

Olanubi, (2023) states that minimum living expenses are one of the vital factors that make the UK the best place for migrant students. Cardiff is one of the cities in the UK that have the lowest cost of living for international students. Due to this, students get better services of housing, transportation, food, and other resources at affordable prices resultantly lower-income students are also able to get an education in the UK which is quite impossible in other countries like Australia and the US.

In addition, in the views of Tani and Piracha, (2022) migrant students preferred the UK for studying because of the essential factor that British universities are recognized at the international level as well. Studying at UK universities makes it easier for migrant students to get better job opportunities after graduation globally. As compared to other countries, UK students have greater chances to earn a high income in any profession within or outside the UK. Studying at universities in the UK furnishes practical skills to the students that are crucial for working in the real world. Compared to this, according to Udayanga, (2024) language and academic differences a negative factors that make the UK not a preferred place by international students. The education system of the UK is different from many other countries' systems. Different expectations for critical thinking, group work, and independent research work make it difficult for migrant students to adjust, In addition, high dependence on the English language and the requirement of fluent English make it difficult for students who are not perfect in English speaking. It unable the migrant students understand accents and learn new things. It leads to hindering group work, solving doubts from professors, and making friends. Thus, the language and academic factors make the UK a less preferable place as compared to Germany, Australia and Singapore.

According to Waters and Brooks, (2021) work while learning is another factor that makes the UK a better place for migrant students. While planning to study abroad, a major focus is given to the financial aspect. In the UK migrant students have several options to do part-time jobs while doing their studies. In the UK, migrant students are permitted to work 20 hours weekly and during breaks. This aids the student in enhancing skills as well as easily paying living expenses. In addition, according to the views of Herbert et al, (2020) professional opportunities in the UK make it a suitable place for migration students. Graduating from universities in the UK makes a big difference to the CV of students. The education system integrates academic knowledge with practical experience by using practical and theoretical teaching techniques. This learning approach makes employees identify the value of a UK degree resultantly students from UK universities can get excellent professional opportunities globally (The UK is a top destination for international students, 2024). Thus, the UK`s education system`s key elements benefit international students by building a strong educational foundation and providing promising employment possibilities. Also, the UK policy for international students to remain and work in the UK for two years following graduation is one of the factors that makes the UK a preferred destination for overseas students. Thus, all these factors make the UK an effective and better destination for migrant students.

2.5 Conclusion

In the end, it is concluded that the UK has a better education system as compared to other countries like the US, Canada or Australia. This is major because of the reason that here the cost of living and the cost of education are lower in comparison to the other countries. Thus the above literature inferred that having a better education facility is necessary for the student to develop. In case it will not be developed in a better manner then it will be assisting the student to grow and learn well.

2.6 Literature gap

In the current study, it was analysed that in the previous studies, the comparison of the different countries has not been made and due to this, the student did not know which country was better. Previously no comparative study on the education system of different countries has taken place. Thus, the current study will assist the student in learning and understanding why the UK is the most preferred country for getting an education. Also, the current study has done a great comparison better different countries like the UK, the US, Canada and Australia.

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

The research methodology is defined as the concept which works on developing a systematic flow and structure of the work so that objectives can be attained. The defining of clear methodology assist the development of the clear structure so that the scholar can decide on all the strategies which will be assistive in managing and attaining the aim of the study well. The current chapter will list out all the different methods which can be used by the scholar to assess the fact that how media coverage will assist different countries in attracting international student migrants to the UK more as compared to the other countries. This chapter will set out the details of the different methods which can be used and also the reason will be listed for selecting any of the particular methods applied in the completion of the current study.

3.2 Research type

The research is referred to as a process with the help of which a particular topic under study is evaluated and analysed. The research can be accomplished in many different manners and the two most common types of the method include the qualitative and the quantitative type of the study. The former relates to analysis of the non-numeric information about the topic under study. On the other side, the latter includes the use of all the numeric information and facts and figures only to analyse the study. For the analysis of the media coverage to attract more of the students, compliance with the qualitative study is made. The researcher has made use of qualitative study as it will increase the knowledge relating to the importance of media coverage and also how well it is applied in the case of the UK as compared to other countries. The current study will also help in developing an understanding relating to people behaving in a certain manner. Further, when these people are not following the rituals then it will be affecting the overall development of the study objectives and ultimately the research will become successful.

3.3 Research approach

The approach relating to the research study is defined as the procedure which is used for selecting any of the methods of study. In case the approach used by the researcher is not clear then the study will not be accomplished appropriately. For conducting the study accurately, inductive and deductive are the two approaches that scholars can comply with. The first one emphasises on development of aims and objectives whereas the second approach focuses on developing a hypothesis. In the successful completion of the current study, the use of an inductive approach is made by the scholar. It is used by the scholar as it assists in creating a base and clear direction for the completion of the study. This formulated aim helps ensure that the whole study is going in the correct direction and there is not any issue with its successful completion. Moreover, the inductive approach is utilised by the scholar in the current case as it will help them in analysing the data in detail and consequently, the overall efficiency of the current study will be improved. Also, compliance with the inductive approach will guide the scholar in providing and developing a clear structure which will help the scholar in managing and improving the overall efficiency greatly.

3.4 Research philosophy

The philosophy of research is defined as a framework which guides the scholar in accomplishing the objectives by selecting the right methods. In case, the correct philosophy is not used then there are chances that the objectives of the study are not accomplished well. Interpretivism and positivism are the two choices of philosophy which can be used by scholars for accomplishing the research. In the current case of analysing the role of media coverage in attracting the majority of international migrant students’ compliance with the interpretivism philosophy. The reason for the selection of interpretivism is that it helps in effectively accomplishing the qualitative study and resultantly of this, the objectives are attained very accurately. Also, when the qualitative study is implemented then the use of the interpretivism approach compliments the study and ultimately the objectives are more effectively attained. Along with this another reason for the selection of the interpretivism philosophy is that it outlines and assists the scholar in developing a deep understanding relating to the concept and the phenomenon attached to the research topic. Moreover, this philosophy assists in understanding the causes and reasons behind anything happening. There are various reasons which are attached to any activity and interpretivism philosophy helps understand those reasons and tries to plan all the work according to the findings only.

3.5 Data collection

For the research topic to be analysed effectively the data used in the study must be accurate and appropriate. Further, the success of the study is dependent on the data utilised in the study. In case the data is not appropriate then it will affect the efficiency of the study. Secondary and primary are the two different types of data sources which can be included in the study for the accomplishment of the objectives. The primary is the one which emphasises collecting the information to be utilised in the study for the first time. Whereas, the secondary source of the data is the one which includes taking data from existing sources such as books, articles, journals and many other different external sources. To accomplish the current study based on assessing the role of media coverage in attracting more students towards UK the compliance with secondary sources of data is utilised more. It is the reason that it will be providing a wide range of data relating to the fact that why UK is more prominent in attracting more of the students as compared to other countries like the US, Australia, Canada and others. The compliance with the secondary data is made in the current study because it provides for a wider range of data and results in better comparisons that can be made between countries like the UK, the US, Canada and Australia.

3.6 Data analysis

After collecting the data, the next major step for making the study successful is the evaluation and analysis of the data. For the completion of the study successfully, the effective data must be analysed and evaluated so that the objectives of the study can be ascertained. For the analysis of the data, there are two different methods and this includes using thematic analysis or the SPSS. The former is the one which emphasises developing different themes and then making charts and other graphical presentations relating to the study topic. On the other hand, the latter includes the use of different statistical tools and techniques which will be used to analyse the numeric data. It is necessary for the scholar they select the most effective and appropriate data analysis technique so that the objectives can be accomplished properly. For the attainment of the current study based on analysing the role of media coverage in attracting a large number of students in UK the compliance with the theme will be more helpful. With the analysis of the different themes, the scholar will be in a position to evaluate the key facts and try to attain all the objectives of the study. Moreover, with the help of the thematic analysis, it is clear that the topic of study will be analysed very effectively and resultantly objectives of the study will be attained well.

3.7 Ethical consideration

While conducting the study, there are different types of ethical principles which need to be followed while collecting the data. However, when these different ethical principles are followed by the scholar then it is helpful to the researcher in making the study appropriate. The most common ethical principle followed in the current study is maintaining the confidentiality of personal data if any. In case from any of the websites, some personal information or any other information is used then confidentiality will be maintained and consequently the information will not be shared with anyone. Along with this another ethical aspect considered while assessing the importance of media coverage in attracting a large number of migrant students, is the communication of the result in the correct manner only. All the results will be communicated to the intended audience similarly as they were outlined. There will not be any modifications or changes in the present result and it will be shared with the audience effectively and appropriately. Moreover, another ethical aspect of the current study is that all the data security process for protecting the data is also integrated into the study. Further, when the effective type of the process of using the data is implemented then all the data used in the study will be accurate and better results will be outlined.

3.8 Research limitations

While conducting the research there are some or the other issues or limitations faced by the researcher which may impact the working of the study. During the study based on analysing the role of media coverage in attracting the students, the most common limitation was the time constraint. This was the major limitation as the total time provided by the tutor for the completion of the study was limited. Although the activities involved in the completion of the study were many this may affect the on-time completion of the study. However the researcher, by applying good priority skills by scheduling all the near-deadline activities first and appropriate time management skills resulted in the on-time completion of the study. Even the study was accomplished before time and there was spare time to recheck the whole study. Moreover, another limitation faced by scholars while assessing the importance of media coverage is that the budget allotted was very low in comparison to the requirement. Thus, this might have impacted the working but, the researcher with good allocation skills allocated less budget to all the activities according to its requirement. Hence, with the help of this, all the activities of the research were provided with the needed budget and ultimately the overall completion of the study was done in the given budget only.

3.9 Reliability and validity

For the research study to be accurate and effective the reliability and validity must be maintained by the scholar. The reliability and validity of the study must ensure that all the data selected is accurate and is assistive in solving the research questions well. For the maintenance of the reliability of the study, the scholar that all the information is taken from authentic and reliable sources. For this, the researcher has ensured that all the websites and the secondary data which is used in the study are from the copyright sources only. This simply means that the material used in the study has been taken from the website which has appropriate copyright. Along with this, for the maintenance of the validity of the study, all the data used in the study is after 2020. This simply means that all the data used by the scholar is latest and not too old. Thus, this makes the work of the study easier. Hence, the overall work and the study are accomplished well. Moreover, when the scholar complies with the latest information and data then automatically this improves the quality of the study and the objectives are attained in a much better manner.

3.10 Conclusion

At last, the above chapter concluded that deciding the appropriate methodology is very necessary for making the project successful. It is the prime responsibility of the researcher they try to effectively decide on the different methods that need to be selected for the completion of the study. The above study highlighted that complying with the use of qualitative study is beneficial as it assists the scholar in gathering a wide range of theoretical data relating to the topic of research. With the help of the qualitative secondary study, the scholar can find why the UK is the most prominent option for migrant students as compared to other countries like Canada USA and Australia. Moreover, the thematic analysis in the current study assisted the scholar in making different themes and trying to do the study by those themes. Hence, as a result of this, the qualitative study assists in improving the working of the current thesis and the objectives will be attained appropriately.

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

Introduction

Data analysis is defined as the technique which is used for evaluating and analysing the collected data so that the working can be improved. For the successful completion of the thesis based on media coverage for attracting international student migration compliance with thematic analysis is made. It is necessary as with the help of the different themes the researcher can enhance knowledge relating to the fact that why UK is a better place for migrant students. The current chapter will analyse the data relating to the fact that the UK is a much better place for migrant students to live and get an education.

Theme 1

With the help of the findings, it was clear that media coverage is very necessary for universities to be successful. However, due to the reason that when effective media coverage is not done by the University then students will not know about them. Hence, to have a good market share and brand awareness it is necessary for the universities they effectively do media coverage. When effective media coverage is done by the universities then more of the students will know about the services provided by them. Thus, to gain popularity it is very necessary for the different universities that try to work on media coverage.

In the views of Yang, (2022) media coverage is defined as a strategy or approach which is used by any of the business or any person for creating awareness for them. Particularly in the case of business, brand awareness is very necessary and due to this media coverage is initiated. Also, the competition is very intense and to get successful effective media coverage must be done. The reason behind this fact is that in case media coverage is not good and effective then automatically it will impact the working capability of the companies. Hence, it is mandatory for the universities they effectively conduct media coverage activities so that more of the migrant students are aware of the services and resultantly the admission increases.

Along with this, Pham et al, (2021) also supported that if case the media coverage is not better then it will impact the overall work and result in the countries not getting popularised among the students. But for the country to attract the majority of the students the proper media coverage must be made. In the case of the UK, the students are more attracted as the country is better and the students are attracted in a great way. Also, with the analysis, it was clear that the university needs to effectively try to manage the marketing of the products and services so that more migrant students are attracted towards the university. With the finding, it is clear that competition within the education sector is very intense and as a result of this overall work is improved and ultimately admissions are also increased.

Theme 2

The findings from the LR and other secondary studies highlighted that all the countries have good migrant students. But in the case of the UK, it is the maximum and this is good for the country. With the LR it was already analysed that the UK can attract more of the students as the migrants for study. However, other countries like the USA, Canada and Australia also have good admissions and international migrant students but it is not that good in comparison to the UK.

Basis	UK	USA	Canada	Australia
Estimated yearly living cost	£9,250 to £12,006	$11,140 to $12,680	CA$8,400	AU$20,290
Fees	£9,000 to £25,000 per year	public universities: $25,000-$35,000 per year; private colleges: $30,000-$45,000	under graduation: CA$29,714 to CA$40,000; post-graduation: CA$17,744 to CA$27,397	Under graduation: AU$30,840 to AU$42,000; post-graduation: AU$20,000 to $37,000

With the above table and its analysis, it is clear that based on the estimated living cost, the UK and Canada have the lowest costs. When the students come for their studies to some other country then the most common element which they check is the cost of living. The reason for this is that if the cost of living is high then the student will have to pay for more expenses and this will become costly for them. Thus, the overall efficiency is impacted and resultantly it might be possible that students may not come to the place. Hence, as the student, they effectively try to analyse the cost of living so that they can try to minimise the cost or the expenses which need to be incurred by the student only. Moreover, when the effective type of cost analysis is done then the student may conclude the UK and Canada have the lowest and the student gets attracted towards it more.

On the other side, Zhang, O'Shea and Mou, (2021) stated that when the effective type of analysis will not be made by the student then it might be possible that they will have to bear more expenses. However, when the effective type of analysis is done then it will improve the complete working capability and result in the student being able to assess where they will have to pay less for the living. In case the cost of living is high then it will be more costly for the student as the fees are also high and in case the living cost is also high then it will improve the overall efficiency greatly. Tamang and Shrestha, (2021) supported that when the cost is high then more money needs to be spent with the student. Thus, the overall living expense will rise and it might be possible that the student may not continue the studies in case it is expensive to live. For this, it is crucial for the student that while selecting the place to study, an effective analysis of the work must be done so that the overall efficiency is improved.

Also when the effective type of analysis is made by the student then only they can decide for the better future goals and career opportunities. However, when the effective type of analysis and comparison is made then automatically the student will come to know about the countries where the cost of living is lower. Thus, the student can select those particular countries which are having low living costs and can manage education expenses well. Harrap et al, (2022) also stated that in the case of the USA and Australia, the living cost is very high and this can affect the budget of the students adversely. Thus, it can be stated that when effective type of media coverage is done by the universities of the UK then they must consider the element of low cost of living. It is necessary because when the UK promotes in their advertisement that the living cost is low then automatically it will attract more international migrant students and ultimately the admissions will increase.

Schinnerl and Ellermann, (2023) contended that when the UK University will be including all the key features within their advertisement strategy and media coverage strategies then it will be improving the overall efficiency. This is because of the reason that when the key features are outlined then it will grab the attention of the students and ultimately the overall efficiency is improved. Thereafter, Raghuram and Sondhi, (2021) also extended that when the key features are outlined in the media coverage or the advertisement strategy only then it will be helpful to the student to compare the facilities and features with others as well. These features provide a clear basis for the comparison and they also guide the student to effectively decide on the best option for getting an education.

Other than the cost of living, the fee structure is another element which is to be considered to assess the best place to study. It is necessary because in case the fees of the courses will be more the student will not be able to afford the courses. Thus, before taking admissions the student also analyses and compares the fees for all the universities and then only they decide for the university or the country where they need to go. With the comparative analysis of all the above four countries it was clear that the UK has the lowest fees in comparison to the other three countries. The reason underlying the fact is that when the fees are nominal then it is beneficial for the student as they will be in a position to save money. Worae and Edgerton, (2023) contended that when the student is aware of the fee structure of the different universities along with the cost of living of that country then they can effectively decide on the better choice. Thus, it is the responsibility of the universities and colleges within the media coverage they include these elements. Also, when the media coverage is good and effective then it will be assistive to the universities they must effectively try to manage and improve the working conditions better so that more students can be attracted.

Tran et al, (2020) stated that focusing on effective media coverage is very essential for the success of the company. In case the universities in the current case will not have good media coverage strategies then it will impact the working and ultimately the overall efficiency is also impacted. Thus, it is advisable to the countries that all the universities and colleges must try to increase the working well so that the overall efficiency will be improved and the popularity will be gained better. Further Firang and Mensah, (2022) also stated that in case the media coverage is not appropriate then it will impact the work in a great manner. Moreover, the competition within the external environment is very intense and in case they do not have good media coverage then the work can be impacted. This is necessary the reason that if case-appropriate media coverage is not made then the students will not be aware of the facilities and features of the university then the working will not be good. Along with this, it is also necessary for the universities they effectively try to ensure that proper media coverage is made so that the complete working can be improved and admissions can be increased.

Thus, with the help of the above findings it is clear that based on the cost of living and fees of the different courses, the UK is the most favourable place for students to study. Further, when the effective cost is lower for the students then they will be attracted towards that particular country and the university more. Thus, Tran et al, (2022) stated that the finding authenticated that the UK is the country which has a lower cost of living and ultimately it will be more beneficial to the students as they will have to pay less of the payment for the day-to-day expenses. Further, Jiang, (2021) also asserted that when the media coverage is effective then it is helpful to the university to attract the majority of the students and ultimately the admission and sales will increase. This is very crucial for the success of the universities as it will assist them in gathering and capturing more of the market share which in turn will increase the profitability.

Theme 3

Further, the media coverage is dependent on many different aspects and all these need to be considered well. This is due to the reason that many different types of decisions need to be taken and it may be dependent on the media coverage. With effective media coverage, the economic condition and impact on the economy are conducted. This is because of the reason that when more media coverage is promoted then it will help the country in uplifting the economic aspects better. The reason underlying the fact is that when the effective type of media coverage is followed then it increases the chances of increasing the profits for the company or the universities. Thus, the overall efficiency is impacted and ultimately the economic condition of the country is improved. Although the cost is increased due to the media coverage activities it is worth it because with the help of this the working efficiency is improved and more people become aware relating to the services and facilities provided by the universities and other colleges.

In support of this Brennan et al, (2023) state that the media coverage of the UK is better as currently, they have better economic conditions and resultantly the growth and popularity will be enjoyed. However, when an effective plan for media coverage is prepared then also there are a lot of different types of benefits which the company enjoys. With the help of the economic improvement, the condition of the company will be improved and the complete working well. Moreover, concerning the economic condition, every country is different and the economic status is also different. Moreover, when the economic condition is not good then it will affect the complete working capability.

In addition to this, the economic conditions of all the countries like the UK, USA, Australia, Canada and others are different. So it is very necessary that an effective analysis of the economic condition and aspect is done and then only the decision of taking admission needs to be taken. However, when in case the effective economic condition is not good then it will impact the mind of the student and also they will not be interested in getting admission to those countries.

Also, while deciding the different policies and practices as well it is helpful to the universities that they must follow and comply with these media coverage articles and other data. The reason behind the fact is that when the appropriate media coverage is evaluated then the policies can be ascertained very easily. The reason behind this fact is that there are different types of changes as well within the working pattern and in case these are not implemented into working then it will affect the complete working conditions of the country effectively. Further, with the overall evaluation, it is clear that for framing the policies and practice for the student or any other person they will first review the media coverage provided by the universities and then decide on the effective type of strategies so that the working and learning with the university can be managed and improved.

Further, Fidler, Clarke and Wang, (2023) stated that with the comparative analysis, it is clear that there are many different types of benefits and strategies which the UK follows and it makes them a better place for international migrant students. However, when the effective type of media coverage is ensured then the work is improved and the people are effectively complying with the findings provided in the media coverage reports. When the working is improved then it will assist the company in managing the working well and eventually the total capability of the student is increased. Thus, with the help of media coverage the interest and awareness of the student can be increased towards the different types of the courses and other related elements. It is necessary as when the effective type of the course is present then this will be assistive to the company in managing and mitigating the issues properly and more effectively.

Moreover, Glass and Cruz, (2023) also contended that when the media coverage is effectively evaluated by the student, then it is assistive for them as it helps in increased opportunities. This is because of the reason that when the appropriate type of analysis is done then the student will be able to assess the different opportunities which are present for the student. Hence, the total development of the children will be improved and along with this market efficiency will also be improved. For instance, when before taking admission, the student evaluates the different types of issues then which is more effective in improving the working of the university and the related colleges as well. Thus, for universities to gain popularity effective media coverage must be followed by the universities and colleges.

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION AND IMPLICATIONS

Conclusion

At last, the above study concluded that media coverage is defined as the concept which includes using blog articles, feeds, video content and many different digital content so that a company can promote its products and services in the business. In case the working needs to be improved and promoted among the people then it will be promoting the business well. Moreover, when media coverage is effectively used then automatically the working is improved and resultantly more students are attracted towards the working. With the help of media coverage, the different universities colleges and other educational institutions can promote all their product and services within the external environment. Also, the competition in the education sector is very intense and for this, it is necessary that effective media coverage is made so that the total work can be improved. With the literature, it was analysed that according to the research it was analysed that the media coverage is good for the UK and because of this there is good popularity among international migrant students. Further, the methodology outlined that complying with the qualitative and secondary data is assistive in analysing the research topic effectively.

Further, the data analysis, highlighted that the UK is more prominent in the case of attracting more international migrant students. Moreover, when the effective type of media coverage is followed and the services are promoted well then it attracts more students and ultimately the total work is improved. Also, the UK has many different types of positive aspects which include low cost of living, less fee structure, easy visa facility, less tenure for the under-graduation course and many other different types of factors. It is evident that when the UK provides many different types of facilities then it will improve total efficiency and ultimately more international migrant students will be attracted. The study also inferred that in comparison to other countries like the USA, Australia and Canada, the UK has much better facilities and the total efficiency will be improved. Further, the study also concluded that based on the discussion UK is a much better place for international migrant student and ultimately when they go to the UK then they will benefit more from their studies as compared to other countries. It was also concluded that the UK is also having less duration of course as compared to the other countries. Thus, as a result of this, the overall work is improved and ultimately it can be stated that the UK is a much better place for international migrant students.

Recommendation

With the above analysis, it is clear that complying with media coverage is very necessary and for improving the market position appropriate media coverage must be done. With the analysis, it was seen that the UK has good media coverage but other countries like the USA, Canada and Australia need to improve their working well. Thus, some of the recommendations for improving the working are as follows-

• The first recommendation to the other countries for enhancing the media coverage is that they must monitor the different media opportunities present. However, when the effective type of opportunities are analysed and evaluated then it is assistive to the country in improving the working well (Rovito, Kaushik and Aggarwal, 2021). For this, an effective research and development department needs to be present that will consider all the recent changes and research new opportunities for promotion.
• Moreover, it is recommended to the countries that they must the drafting consistent messages so that the student or the intended audience can understand the work well. Further, when an effective type of message is created which is clear and concise then it will assist the company in improving working and attracting more international migrant students.
• Further, it is also advised to the other countries that they must effectively target the intended audience. Moreover, when the effective type of audience will be targeted then it will assist the country in identifying the working well. However, when the appropriate type of audience is targeted then better media coverage will be developed. Further, when the media coverage is planned according to the needs and interests of the targeted audience then it will be assistive to them for improving the working efficiency and capability greatly.
• Further, it is also recommended to the different countries that they must try to offer exclusive offers to the students coming to the place. This is because of the reason that when the different offers and other benefits are provided to the student then it will assist them to avail the facilities provided by the (Tran et al, 2023). When the different types of facilities are provided to the students then it will attract the working and learning of the students.
• Along with this another advice to other countries is that they must effectively conduct the competitor analysis as well. This is because of the reason that when the effective type of competitor analysis is conducted then it will be assistive to the companies in analysing the fact that where the country is lacking and how the competitors are doing well. In case the effective analysis of competitors is done then it will provide a base for the companies in planning for the effective working pattern and as a result of this the overall efficiency is improved and better decisions can be taken.

Implications

With the help of the current study and its findings, it is clear that complying with media coverage is very necessary. This is due to the reason that when an effective type of media coverage is implemented then it will attract more of the consumers or the student. The findings of the current study are useful for many different countries. This is because of the reason that when effective facilities are provided to international migrant students then it will be assistive to the universities in managing and maintaining the working well (Mulvey, Morris and Ashton, 2024). So for the successful working of the universities, the appropriate compliance with the media coverage must be made. Also, the features of the UK being a better country in media coverage will be assisting other countries are well to improve their working pattern. By evaluating the strategies and practices used by the UK, the other countries can also try to improve the working. With the consideration of the UK as a role model, the other countries can also try to improve their working pattern and ultimately the working efficiency is improved. Moreover, the findings of the current study can also be used by other scholars as well who are conducting the study on a similar topic. In case any scholar is conducting the study on a similar kind of topic then it will be helpful to them in analysing the findings of the current study and try to clear all the doubts relating to the research topic. This will assist them in planning their study as the current study can be kept as a base and ultimately the scholar can plan their study well.

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• https://www.pearsonpte.com/articles/7-benefits-of-studying-in-the-uk
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