Malaria Causes, Effects, and Prevention Strategies in the UK Case Study

Presentation

Slide 1: Introduction

• One of the deadly diseases that are thought to be brought on by the introduction of certain organisms is malaria.
• The males are the majority in access who are affected by malaria in the UK. The consistency in males is greater than in females from the last few years.
• Apart from this, the males of 42 years of age or approximately of that age group are prone to get affected more while females of 40 years of age are prone to get affected more among the females.

S.N. Anopheles mosquitoes, commonly known as mosquito-infected females, bite humans and other animals and pass on these parasites to them. Even so, it has been said that malaria can be prevented and treated.

Slide 2: Distribution, causes and effects of malaria

• The rate of young kids is 12% only as per cases. The geographic area that is constant in malaria disease is the South African region.
• Although many people like Black Africans and their descendants have transferred to the UK and are equally getting the relapse of malaria disease there too.
• These criteria give direct permission for the mosquitoes to transmit to human skin.

S.N. This study also discusses the assessment of risk factors and the function of determinants such as personal, societal, individual, and environmental factors. Additionally, this paper discusses various malaria prevention measures.

Slide 3: Cont…

• The cause of malaria has mainly been due to the accumulation of water in many places (Mousa et al., 2020).
• The rainfall, temperature and relative humidity have been major factors in the case of malaria in the UK.
• It has also been seen that malaria also causes jaundice or anaemia (Naserrudin et al., 2022).

Figure 1: Impact of Malaria

S.N. In addition, the assessment of risk factors and the function of determinants such as social, personal, and environmental factors are also covered in this reflective report. The symptoms of malaria that have been reported and observed are shaking, fever, etc. A person who gets affected by malaria goes through a flu-like illness along with a fever. This water is not clean and they give rise to mosquitoes that are hazardous for humans and animals. Another factor that has been a greater cause of malaria is the climate conditions in different countries

Slide 4: Cont…

• The theory of epidemiology and the approaches utilised to investigate the incidence, distribution, and management of the disease are presented in this study.
• There are four parasites that can infect humans ly- “Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae .
• Amongst them, P. malariae is the most famous one which causes severe malaria. According to WHO, from 2014, The access of malaria cases from 241 million has now reduced.

S.N. In addition to this, they also have extreme headaches, tiredness, nausea, shaking chills, muscle aches, diarrhoea and vomiting to a few. This can be presumed from the yellow collying that appears on the skin and in the eyes as a lot of blood gets lost during that time.

Slide 5: Concluding Statement

• The report mainly focuses on people who have been the prey of Malaria. These people are Black Africans and their descendants.
• The United Kingdom has also been the subject of attention regarding the spread of Malaria at an increasing rate.
• This reflective report and study analyse the distribution, causes and effects of malaria.

S.N. The theory of epidemiology and methods used to explore the incidence distribution and control of disease are highlighted in this study which gives a brief theology of Malaria disease being one of the serious illnesses in humans.

Reflection

Introduction

Malaria is considered to be one of the life-threatening and fatal diseases that are caused by the presence of certain parasites. These parasites get transmitted to people or animals through the anopheles mosquitoes that are also known as the infected females of mosquitoes via their bites. Although it has been reported that Malaria is curable and can be prevented too, this study presents the epidemiology theory as well as the methods used to look into the occurrence, distribution, and treatment of the disease. This reflective study also discusses the evaluation of risk factors and the role of determinants like social, personal, and environmental factors. Moreover, the preventive measures are also highlighted in this reflective report.

Theory of epidemiology and methods used to explore the incidence distribution and control of disease

Theory of epidemiology

A person who gets infected by malaria experiences fever and flu. They also suffer from severe headaches, exhaustion, nausea, shaking chills, muscle aches, diarrhoea, and vomiting, to a few other symptoms (Nyadanu et al., 2019). Furthermore, Malaria has also been observed to cause anaemia or jaundice. Given how much blood is lost at that period, this can be inferred from the yellow collying that develops on the skin and in the eyes.

Distribution

The key contributor to the spread of malaria has been the buildup of water in various locations. The mosquitoes that are produced by this unclean water are dangerous to both humans and animals (Rajvanshi et al., 2021). The climatic conditions in many nations have also been a major contributor to malaria. Major contributing elements to the malaria outbreak in the UK have been the temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity. These requirements explicitly permit mosquitoes to transmit diseases to human skin. Shaking, fever and other symptoms of malaria have been noted and recorded.

Control of disease

Malaria can be avoided by using mosquito coils, which are still a proactive measure to keep the isotopes at bay. A further technique of prevention is to cover the beds with a particular nest designed to ward off mosquitoes and ticks (Smith et al., 2021). Maintaining clean water close to your location is the best course of action. This can lower the likelihood that mosquitoes will breed in the water that has gathered.

Evaluation of risk factors, the role of determinants including personal, social, individual, and environmental factors

Risk factors

In the UK, males make up the majority of those who contract malaria. In recent years, males have been more consistent than females. In addition, males in that age range, 42 years old or roughly, are more likely to be impacted, but among females, 40 years old are more likely to be affected (Staedke et al., 2020). Just 12% of instances are young children, according to cases. South Africa is the region of the world where malaria disease is most prevalent. Even though many individuals, including Black Africans and their descendants, have immigrated to the UK, malaria is also relapsing there.

Figure 2: Malaria Cases by year

Role of determinants including personal, social, individual, and environmental factors

“Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae are the four parasites that can infect humans. The most well-known of them all and the one that causes severe malaria is P. malariae (Uzoka et al., 2021). The WHO reports that since 2014, the number of malaria cases has decreased from 241 million.

Preventative Strategies for Malaria

Following are the preventive measures for controlling Malaria -

• Applying the mosquito repellent mat can prevent mosquito bites. The sensed skin is covered by different mosquito repellents helps an ideal to stay away from mosquitoes. The addition of DEET (diethyltoluamide) is an add-on benefit for humans to apply with mosquito repellent.
• Another preventive measure is to drape the nest that is specialised to keep away mosquitoes that need to be netted and ticked over the beds (Were et al., 2019).
• The use of mosquito coils is still a proactive approach to keep away the isotopes and this can prevent malaria.
• The best strategy is to always keep the water near your area clean. This can reduce the chance of mosquitoes growing in the accumulated water.
• Permethrin is a substance that is a repellent which is used to treat different clothes or used for mosquito nets or even for fabrications as well as for making sleeping bags and tents. This element can help keep mosquitoes away.

Conclusion

This study and reflection report examines the prevalence, causes, and consequences of malaria. In this research, which provides a brief description of malaria sickness as one of the severe diseases in humans, the philosophy of epidemiology and methodologies used to investigate the incidence allocation and disease management are emphasised.

References

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