Introduction: MAIN BODY
Example one
Key tendencies in Group 7 of Non-metals
Moving down Group 7 from fluorine to astatine, several key trends are evident:Moving down Group 7 from fluorine to astatine, several key trends are evident:
Atomic Radius: An increase in the energy levels of electrons, as a result of adding electrons to the same hydrogenlike level, p-orbital.
Melting and Boiling Points: Size larger is the case for a relationship between atoms that displays itself through London dispersion forces (van der Waals forces) that grow with atoms' greater surface area and electron count (Müser, Sukhomlinov and Pastewka, 2022).
Electronegativity: The major effect is shielding, since the valance electrons are getting more and more distant from the nucleus and therefore buried in the inner shells of electrons.
Color and Physical State Changes: From gaseous forms of fluorine and chlorine, through liquid bromine to the solid state by means of iodine and astatine molecules, a procedure, reflecting a change in molecular interactions, is observed at room temperature.
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Paraphrased text
Key tendencies in group 7 of non-metals
With the examination of Group 7, it is clear that it starts from fluorine to astatine and also some of the key trends are visible. These trends are as follows-
- Atomic radius- it is a trend which includes an increase within the energy level of electrons and resultantly same hydrogen-like electron is added to a level which is p-orbital.
- Melting and piling points- this trend states that when the size is large then the relation among atoms is displayed with the help of London dispersion forces. This London dispersion force or the van der Waals force starts growing from the greater surface area of the atom and also the electron count increases.
- Electronegativity- this is another type of trend which has the main effect of shielding. It is due to the reason that the valance electron is initiating more and is also at some distance from the nucleus. Thus resultantly it is buried within the electron’s inner shell.
- Colour and physical state changes- within this trend there are lot many changes in the colour along with the physical state. From the gaseous format, it changes to liquid and then to solid state. Thus, it follows a complete procedure which reflects the particular changes and is also observed at room temperature only.
Reference
Taken from page 8 of the assignment titled “PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES”
Example two
Original text
Physical and Chemical Properties
Halogens, being highly reactive and non-metallic elements in nature, have their reactivity reducing with increase of a number of atoms (Dalsaniya et al., 2024). This trend can be observed in various reactions:This trend can be observed in various reactions:
Reactivity with Metals: All halogens show their characteristic behavioural pattern by reacting with metals resulting in a metal halide (Baghan et al., 2021). Hence, fluorine reacts vigorously at room temperature because it is much stronger while iodine happens at high temperatures because it is weaker.
Reactivity with Hydrogen: Hydrophobic materials HHCs are HCl, HBr, HF, and HI hydrogen halides (Cao et al., 2021). The stability and strength of acids likewise fall off as one move down the group with HF being a very toxic but weak acid and HI being a strong acid.
Paraphrased text
Physical and chemical properties
With further evaluation, it is clear that halogen is a non-metallic element which is highly reactive and this reactivity reduces as the number of atoms increases. This particular trend can be observed in many different types of reactions which are as follows-
- Every halogen reflects a behavioural pattern when it reacts with metal and it results in metal halide. Thus, fluorine at room temperature reacts strongly as it is very strong. On the other hand, in the case of iodine, it takes place when the temperature is high as it is much weaker.
- In the case of reactivity with hydrogen, the strength and stability of this acid reduce as there is downward movement within the group. It is the reason that HF is particularly very toxic but at the same time it has weak acid and HI has high acid. Further, it also includes materials like HBr, HF, HC1 and HI hydrogen halides which belong to hydrophobic material.
Reference
Taken from page 8 of the assignment titled “PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES”
Example three
Original text
Recommendation
Enhanced Educational Tools: Create more innovative and visually compelling teaching resources which will tell the story (and emphasize the trend and properties) of the report (Rajas-Fernández, Gértrudix-Barrio and Baños-González, 2021). This can enable students and researchers to see and understand how the intuitive tabulated form of the periodic table indicates predictability.
Research on Unexplored Elements: Motivate and finance research that is targeted at the less-explored aspects, such as the f-block elements, to discover more about either their properties or possible utilization in the production of new materials (Winter, Newkome and Schubert, 2024).
Paraphrased text
Recommendation
- One of the most common recommendations is to enhance the use of educational tools so that more innovative reports can be prepared. This will help different scholars and students understand in a better way when the findings are presented in a tabular way and with more innovative solutions.
- Further, another recommendation for improving the working is that there must be more research conducted on the unexplored elements. This could include motivating researchers and financing them so that they can explore the areas which have not been researched yet. It could include research on f-block elements and more areas on which study has not been done.
Reference
Taken from page 8 of the assignment titled “PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES”
5 Years | MSc
