Homeostasis and Genetics: Key Concepts in Human Biology Assignment Sample

Task 1

Process of homeostasis in the human body

• Homeostatic mechanisms: Homeostasis is mainly defined as a required property and system in which all the variables are properly regulated and the working condition in the human body can work properly. The stabilization of the internal organs in the human body has been regulated based on the proper valuation of the major symptoms. The required example of the Homeostatic has been included in terms of “regulation of body temperature, and the balance between acidity and alkalinity”. As per the reference of Schizas et al. (2022), it is basically the type of process that has been used at the time of regulating the condition of the body and making effect over proper stabilization of the “organism’s internal environment” with the required response of the major fluctuation in the external environment as well. The effective valuation of the major relation and stabilization in the internal and external organs has been properly analyzed with the proper use of the homeostatic.
  The effective valuation of operating the required conditions related to the homeostatic has been completely based on the human body operation. As opined by Kruk et al. (2019), the required prevalence of diabetes has mainly increased in the required other part of the human body and it makes a reflection on properly spread in the other part of the human body. It has been effectively analyzed with the proper experience on the human body that diabetes has been raised in the human kidney and cardiovascular system of the human body.
• Self-regulating process: The use of the proper self-regulating process has mainly included the proper management of the Energy homeostasis in the body. It is required to effectively operate the proper work that has been related to the valuation of the well and appropriate regulated process which clearly depends on the major relation and balance between the two required aspects as “feeding behavior and energy expenditure”. As per the reference of Man and Damasio (2019), proper control of the major and energy homeostasis has been required for the diabetic that has the critical reflection over the variety of the human organ as “Liver brain, pancreas, stomach and intestine”. The required control of the “energy homeostasis” in the human body has the effective implication that states all major changes in the human body and also it can be received major attention due to the alterations in recent years. The effective valuation and implication of changes in the alteration process in the human system has effectively created an impact on conducting the required valuation to measure the condition of the human body, especially for diabetic patients.
• Feedback control: Homeostasis has been mainly maintained with the proper analysis and valuation of the required condition and general maintenance of the negative feedback loop and maintaining the required condition in terms of the analyzed value of the negative feedback from the loop as well. On the other hand, It has also included the major factors as “stimulus, sensor, control center, and effector”. With the research work of Boichenko et al. (2019), “Negative feedback serves” mainly to reduce the excessive response and creates an effect normalizing the range of excessive responses in the human body. On the other hand, the “negative feedback loop” has a major effect on reflecting body temperatures and changes in glucose levels in the blood. The evaluation of the excessive changes and negative response over the loop creates an impact over stating the required condition of the human body with the changes in the vitals. The diabetic patient needs mainly the sugar and glucose levels which create an impact on the valuation of the hormone insulin as well.
• Role of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland: The brain uses the hypothalamus-pituitary complex, which is made up of your pituitary gland and hypothalamus, as its main control center for essential biological functions. As per the view of De Souza and Placzek (2020), A portion of your body's fundamental functions is managed by the hypothalamus, a part of the brain. The autonomic nervous system receives messages from it and uses them to regulate things like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. Moreover, your hypothalamus instructs the endocrine system to create and discharge hormones that have an effect on various parts of your body. The uses of the proper functions and roles have implied the valuation of working in the pituitary gland and the required role of the hypothalamus as well.

Analyze the role of homeostasis in healthy functioning

The role of “role of homeostasis in healthy functioning” has been evaluated with the required valuation and functioning of the bodywork and function. In the opinion of Seeley (2019), the main purpose of homeostasis is to properly maintain and establish the required internal environment without properly being overcome by another process in the external environment as well. It has required the four major purposes of homeostasis in terms of required maintenance of the human body temperature, water concentration and salt concentration and also required valuation of the body PH level as well. The valuation of those aspects has the critical implication that stating the proper functioning level of the human body in terms of both internal and external both. The analysis with the inclusion and effectiveness of the human body has been properly categorized with the required control on the PH level and other aspects as well.

Explain the “relationship between the nervous system and the endocrine system in gaining homeostatic control”

The nervous system and endocrine system both are the required aspects and valuation that imply the stated maintenance of the homeostatic system in the human body that creates effect over major changes in the nervous and endocrine systems as well. Based on the research work of Russo et al. (2021), the uses and functioning of the nervous system have been properly analyzed with the proper follow of the prepared structure that shows the overall nervous system of the human body with the implied valuation of each organ of the human body as well. The “autonomic nervous system” mainly governs the required activities of the smooth muscles and creates an effect over proper involvement of the glands that result in the “circulation, respiration, and digestion”. The “parasympathetic division” has been mainly used to calm down of the body regarding the appropriate removal of stress from the human body and conduction of the entire nervous system in an appropriate way.

Figure 1: Human nervous system

The major relationship between the “nervous system and the endocrine system” is analyzed as the endocrine system enables the major communication between the different parts of the human like the nervous system contains. On the other hand, homeostasis has been maintained by the endocrine with the required valuation of the series in the “feedback loops”. As per the reference of Cook and Mansuy-Aubert (2022), the uses of major changes in the establishment of the relationship between that two systems is analyzed with the proper maintenance and establishment of the communication between each organ of the human body in an appropriate way.

Task 2

4.1. Describe two (2) “types of genetic inheritance”

Two types of genetic inheritance are “Complete Dominance and Incomplete Dominance”. Complete dominance is mainly the type of genetic inheritance that is dominant and allele suppressive of the expression with the proper recessive allele. Based on the view of Long et al. (2021), the valuation of the implied variance and relation in the complete dominance has implied the major valuation and changes in the genetic inheritance. On the other hand, incomplete dominance has included the proper valuation and accomplishment of the heterozygous conditions that have not been fully expressed. The implied work valuation has been categorized with the required changes in each variance that are not fully related to the complete dominance as well.

4.2. Explain the “function of genetic screening”

Genetic screening mainly conducts the required information regarding the hereditary information that has been depended on from one generation to the other generations. It can mainly help in proper control of the metabolism in the body. As per the view of Fitz-James and Cavalli (2022), the required reshuffle in the genes at the stages of the variation in the reproductive system can help in providing the proper linkage in the different aspects. Moreover, different types of linkage have been produced at a major time of the “crossing over of each gene”. On the other hand, a positive result from the genetic screening can also help in accumulating the major steps that have been taken forward. It can help to take the required decision regarding the “prevention, monitoring, and treatment options”.

4.3. Analyze the role of “genetic counseling in healthcare practice”

The required role of genetic counseling in the required healthcare practices has been analyzed with the required concern of further treatment with the required communication with “cutting-edge genomic science”. The “empathic understanding” of each patient and client has been measured based on their required need and concern as well. It can also help in the required promotion of health care with the required information (Poleshko et al. 2019). On the other hand, it can also provide the major prevention measures that are related to the required diseases that can harm the patient in that condition. The brief implication of conducting genetic counseling can help in providing the required information that is significantly related to safety measures.

Reference

Boichenko, S.V., Kosheva, L.O., Kuzovik, V.D. and Ivanets, O.B., 2019. Methodological aspects of evaluating a homeostasis of a biological object.

Cook, T.M. and Mansuy-Aubert, V., 2022. Communication between the gut microbiota and peripheral nervous system in health and chronic disease. Gut microbes, 14(1), p.2068365.

De Souza, F.S. and Placzek, M., 2020. Conserved roles of Rax/rx3 genes in hypothalamus and pituitary development. International Journal of Developmental Biology, 65(4-5-6), pp.195-205.

Fitz-James, M.H. and Cavalli, G., 2022. Molecular mechanisms of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Nature Reviews Genetics, 23(6), pp.325-341.

Kruk, J., Aboul-Enein, H.Y., Kładna, A. and Bowser, J.E., 2019. Oxidative stress in biological systems and its relation with pathophysiological functions: the effect of physical activity on cellular redox homeostasis. Free radical research, 53(5), pp.497-521.

Long, J., Walker, J., She, W., Aldridge, B., Gao, H., Deans, S., Vickers, M. and Feng, X., 2021. Nurse cell–derived small RNAs define paternal epigenetic inheritance in Arabidopsis. Science, 373(6550), p.eabh0556.

Man, K. and Damasio, A., 2019. Homeostasis and soft robotics in the design of feeling machines. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(10), pp.446-452.

Poleshko, A., Smith, C.L., Nguyen, S.C., Sivaramakrishnan, P., Wong, K.G., Murray, J.I., Lakadamyali, M., Joyce, E.F., Jain, R. and Epstein, J.A., 2019. H3K9me2 orchestrates inheritance of spatial positioning of peripheral heterochromatin through mitosis. Elife, 8, p.e49278.

Russo, B., Menduni, M., Borboni, P., Picconi, F. and Frontoni, S., 2021. Autonomic nervous system in obesity and insulin-resistance—The complex interplay between leptin and central nervous system. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(10), p.5187.

Schizas, D., Psillos, D. and Papadopoulou, P., 2022. Bonding Nature of Science (NOS) and Nature of the Sciences (NOTSs) with Conceptual Knowledge: Introducing NOS and NOTSs Learning Objectives into the Teaching of ‘Homeostasis’. Interdisciplinary Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 18(4), p.e2298.

Seeley, W.W., 2019. The salience network: a neural system for perceiving and responding to homeostatic demands. Journal of Neuroscience, 39(50), pp.9878-9882.