MGBBT1TAS: Tourism and Society Case Study

Introduction - Exploring Economic, Environmental, and Social Effects

Provide an overview of the aims of the essay

The aim of the report is to make a deep understanding of the theme “the impacts tourism in society”. This study includes different impacts of tourism in a country such as economic, environmental, and social. The report includes the points which generally define the knowledge about the relationship between tourism and society. There are three sections of the report. The first section reflects the economic impacts of tourism on society along with some evidence. The second section includes the general impacts of tourism on society with some statistical data or evidence. The third and last part of the report outlines the possible scenarios of future tourism and society with their overall impacts.

Outline the interrelationship between tourism and society

Tourism has a great impact on society which shows that both terms have high interrelationships among them. There is a huge contribution to the tourism sector for the expansion of society. The tourism sector is not only the industry however it is contributing to economic development, mutual understanding, and social and peace harmony too (Cheer, et. al. 2019). Each people or each area has a unique culture. Tourism includes a cross-cultural interface between persons of dissimilar countries or hence aids in structuring better understanding or peaceful relationships. Sociological theory studies human interactions and institutions. Sociological theories are diverse, ranging from religion to crime, from family life to government, from distinctions between race and social class to the common values of a common society, and from social stability to radical changes to the entire society.

Recent economic and political developments and the resulting changes in the delivery and practice of tourism in society have prompted professionals and managers to recognize the importance and connections among problem-solving and decision-making abilities. Particularly, assess the effects of economic, political social-cultural, environmental, and other external factors on the health care policy, proposal and plans for organizational development is becoming an inescapable part of developing health care's strategic plan and planning methods.

The interaction and interdependence of people, places, and processes in the tourism sector

Tourism and people have huge interdependence on each other, as the local people get more employment when the tourists visit the visiting spot. Tourists want to buy or enjoy the local things and spots of the area where they are going, and on the other hand, local people get more profits by selling their products and services (Abram, and Waldren, 2021). As tourism has a huge input to the development and earnings of the country, the local and central government also focuses on developing roads, communications, transportation, etc. on the visiting spots. Through this, the local public also gets more resources to enjoy developments in their area. Tourists want to visit places and explore the various cultures and communities across the world, this process offers a development of society.

First core section

An evaluation of the economic impacts of tourism on society

There are several impacts of tourism economic conditions on society. The following are the points reflected on the economic impacts of tourism on society:

• Increase employment- Tourism activities in the country increase lot of employment opportunities in the society. As tourist book hotels to stay at, restaurants to eat at, and guides who show them exact tourist spots or convey to them its history (Koc, and Boz, 2020). These three works create the regular job vacancy to hire people and make them employed. When there is an increase in employment, it positively impacts the economy of the country.
• Society development- When people of the country get employment and regular income from any source than their spending power increases(Sharpley, 2020). Spending money tends to the development of the economic conditions of the country as well as the improvement of social standards.
• Bring foreign currencies into the society- The exchanges of foreign currency, when tourist come to visit any place of a country leads to provide the enhancement of the foreign exchanges and bring the country towards development way. As the nation develops, the society of that country easily gets more excess towards the new technologies, and trends as well as improves their living standards.
• Contribution to country’s GDP- Tourism is one of the world’s major sectors or subsidizes indirectly and directly (as a total contribution) to the worldwide economy(Alamai,et. al. 2018). The contribution to the GDP development reflects total spending inside a specific nation by people and neon inhabitants for the companies and leisure drives as well as administration spending on the tourism products or services that are connected to the visitors.

Consolidate research evidence and statistical data to showcase the economic impacts of tourism

Figure 1: economic impacts of tourism

According to the world travel and tourism council's (WTTC) latest annual research:

With the loss of nearly 4.9 trillion& US dollars in the year 2020 (a -50.4 percentagedrop), tourism and travel's contribution to the GDP improved by 1 trillion US dollars (+21.7 percentageincrease)& in the year 2021(Philipp, 2022).

The tourism and travel industry subsidized 10.3 percent of the worldwide GDP in 2019.& The share that& reduced to 5.3 percent& in the year 2020 due to continuing limitations to the flexibility. In 2021 the share rose to 6.1 percent.

Different economic impacts

The economic impacts of tourism can be in ways such as positive and negative (Eslami, et. al. 2019). These impacts are discussed:

• Positive impact- The local people also get benefits when there is new facilities are generated for tourists such as new roads. As tourists visit any place they prefer to eat or buy some local special dishes which increases demand for localfoods as well as crafts.
• Negative impact- When many tourists visit the place at the same time it will increase the traffic jams and overcrowding. Tourism also economically impacts the rise of local shop prices as visitors are often wealthier than the local ones.

Comment on the overall economic impacts

From the above points, it is extracted that there are only positive and negative impacts occurred as economic impacts of tourism on the country. Tourism increases various income opportunities for the local people in or around the visiting zones. There are massive changes that occur when tourists visit a nation which brings a growth of gross domestic product (GDP), foreign exchange earnings from the exports, and per capita income. And the major collection of foreign exchange earners gives a powerful tax income to the state, local, or central government of the country. This also facilitates a high infrastructure development of an economy.

Second core section

An evaluation of impacts of tourism other than economic ones on society

According to the UNEP (2003b), the following can be included under the impacts of tourism on society:

• Reduction of natural resources such as forests, water, etc.
• Pollution like noise, waste or littering, air, or sewage pollution (Cannonier, and Burke, 2019).
• Physical influences such as marina development, loss of biodiversity, and construction activities.

Research evidence and statistical data to showcase various impacts of tourism

Figure 2: Venice tourism chart

Talking on the environmental impact of tourism, according to the study it is stated every year around 70,000 tons of garbage are extracted from the tourist spots of the country. It negatively impacts the society of that country with various types of pollution and health problems. As air travel is increasing day by day by the travelers, it represents around 60% to 90% of air travel, which generates air pollution across the nation. For example, Venice draws up to thirty million tourists each year during its canal systems. Most of the tourists are carried out by the water during their vacation, or gondola rides are the extravagant however popular type of exploration. Venice city is slowly collapsing, or significant segment of the pavement are often flooded.

Categorize different impacts

It is noticed that tourism has various impacts on any country's environment in general. Below, all the impacts that are discussed in the above points are categorized as positive and negative impacts:

• Positive impact- It seems that tourism has been encouraging cultivation and uplifting the sharing of traditions, customs festivals, and local food. Eco-tourism, contributions is encouraging the preservation of wildlife (Mikayilov, et. al. 2019). It plays a vital role in preserving natural resources such as rainforests, which are started as the major tourism asset.
• Negative impact- Tourism puts lots of pressure on the land of the tourist spot in the country which results in increasing the different pollution in the country. It is also understood that tourism results in huge stress on the local use of land. This affects soil destruction, loss of natural habitat, enlarged pollution, or pressure on the disappearing species. All these effects steadily harm in biological resources, which form the basis of the tourism sector.

Comment on the overall impacts

Tourism affects the country's environment in both negative and positive ways. It also impacts the socio-cultural, and political factors of the nation. However, the environment is highly influenced by the increasing levels of tourists, as to decorate the tourist spots and earn more from the tourism sector, the government of the country tries to make attractive things in the historical places and avoid the forests and water depletion in that area. This highly impacts the environmental factor of the country negatively. Also, the number of hotels and restaurants increasing day by day around the visiting spots tends to decrease the natural beauty of that spot.

Third core section

Research findings to outline possible scenarios of tourism development in the future

The possible scenarios of tourism development in the future are extracted through an intuitive logical procedurethat is adapted for the particular purpose of seeing the development of tourism worldwide (Nguza-Mduba, 2020). There are four different scenarios for the development of the tourism industry.& And based on the nature or dynamics of key trends and forces, the 4 scenarios are identified as Global emotional intuitive, mental intuitive tourism, global spiritual intuitive, and promotional intuitive program (Jones, and Wynn, 2019). The global emotional intuitive scenario reflects those intuitions in the tourism sector that people will be more attracted to when they come to know about the history of visiting points which grabs their emotions toward that place and attracts them to visit again and again at that place. Mental intuitive tourism refers to intuition that shows that the tourists will be more attracted when they find mental peace in some visiting place. Global spiritual intuition denotes that, nowadays people are spending their half or whole life spiritually so it is an intuition that more spiritual person attracted to various spiritual spots to visit. The last intuition scenario which is developed in the future related to the tourism sector is the promotional program. When the country shows and promotes its top visiting spots on the global level, then travelers who like to travel and visit new spots will willing to visit that places. Also, the YouTubers and Blog writers came to know about the place and make that place highly visited with their promotional skills.

Comment and explain the overall impacts of those scenarios

In all the scenarios there is improved international competition among different tourist destinations. The desire for genuineness opens an opportunity for various tourist companies as the tourist destination however and moreover poses threats to the managers or policy creators. All these scenarios are of practical use for policymakers, managers, or other practitioners since they offer an outline for the development or valuation of robust policies or strategies, such as strategies that will survive numerous kinds of external development. After properly implementing these intuitional theories on the tourism sector, the country will get more earnings and profits through the tourism industry, which helps in the development of the nation as well as effectively place the impressive image of that country worldwide.

Conclusion

From the above-mentioned report, it is concluded that the tourism sector has a great contribution to the society and economic development of every country. The country and its government will get more earnings through this sector and then it effectively applies that earnings to the growth of a country worldwide. When the government develops or improves the condition of visiting spots in a country, automatically the local people get excess in terms of employment, resources facilities, and earning sources. The evidence shows that tourism has the biggest source of society's development and exchanges of ideas, culture, languages, etc. The possible intuition scenarios of the tourism sector in the future, describe the ways and different methods by which the country gets more profits and development after applying the above-discussed four scenarios, to grow more tourists visits in an economy.

Tourism is a powerful strength for poverty mitigation, job formation, and social harmony and the role of the tourism in making shared considerate, in which social agreement can be a principal one. Tourism can encourage interest in one's own culture due to the customs or traditions, a cultural exchange, recovery of the cultural identity, or upgrading of cultures. Even socio economic variances among citizens of the country, the tourist can impact the rise in conflicts, crime, or gambling affected by drug addiction also. Presently, tourist improvement, which is in coordination with the environment, is strained. That indicates respect towards an environment where it is situated and emphasizes attention to the best well-preserved spaces. Tourism depends on or significantly influences the normal environment in which it functions. Even though several parts of the world are preserved in form of protected or parks areas, tourism enlargement can still have severe adverse influences from overuse, neglect, and misuse.

References

Abram, S. and Waldren, J., 2021. Introduction: Tourists and tourism—identifying with people and places. In& Tourists and Tourism& (pp. 1-11). Routledge.

Alamai, M.M., Hussaini, M.U. and Fatima, A.L., 2018. Tourism and the Economy of Nigeria: A synthesis of its contributions to GDP from 2005-2016.& Advances in social sciences research journal,& 5(11).

BIG THINK, 2019. Venice will now start charging tourists an entrance fee (online). <https://bigthink.com/the-present/venice-will-now-start-charging-tourists-an-entrance-fee-2625218070/> (accessed on 27 December 2022).

Cannonier, C. and Burke, M.G., 2019. The economic growth impact of tourism in Small Island Developing States—evidence from the Caribbean.& Tourism Economics,& 25(1), pp.85-108.

Cheer, J.M., Milano, C. and Novelli, M., 2019. Tourism and community resilience in the Anthropocene: accentuating temporal overtourism.& Journal of Sustainable Tourism,& 27(4), pp.554-572.

Eslami, S., Khalifah, Z., Mardani, A., Streimikiene, D. and Han, H., 2019. Community attachment, tourism impacts, quality of life and residents’ support for sustainable tourism development.& Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing,& 36(9), pp.1061-1079.

Jones, P. and Wynn, M.G., 2019. The circular economy, natural capital and resilience in tourism and hospitality.& International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.

Koc, E. and Boz, H., 2020. Development of hospitality and tourism employees’ emotional intelligence through developing their emotion recognition abilities.& Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management,& 29(2), pp.121-138.

Mikayilov, J.I., Mukhtarov, S., Mammadov, J. and Azizov, M., 2019. Re-evaluating the environmental impacts of tourism: does EKC exist?.& Environmental Science and Pollution Research,& 26(19), pp.19389-19402.

Nguza-Mduba, B., 2020.& Intuitive competitive intelligence: the entrepreneurial path to success for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the tourism sector in the Eastern Cape Province& (Doctoral dissertation).

Numptynerd, 2020. Tourism as a Development Strategy (online). <https://www.numptynerd.net/tourism-as-a-development-strategy.html> (accessed on 27 December 2022).

Philipp, J., 2022. World Travel & Tourism Council. In& Encyclopedia of Tourism Management and Marketing. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Sharpley, R., 2020. Tourism, sustainable development and the theoretical divide: 20 years on.& Journal of sustainable tourism,& 28(11), pp.1932-1946.