Introduction
Oxford City, with its diverse population of 162,100 (2021 Census), presents a unique case study in urban public health. While 54% of residents identify as White British, the city is home to a multicultural community, including significant Hindu and Buddhist populations. The age profile reveals a young demographic, with 73% of residents in the working-age group (16-64 years), while those aged 65+ remain a smaller proportion (18%). However, projections indicate an aging population, with those 85+ expected to rise by 2032. Socio-economic disparities persist, with 11% of the population experiencing lower-income deprivation, impacting health outcomes. Life expectancy differs by gender, with women living 70 years in good health compared to men’s 68.6 years, though both face over a decade of poorer health in later life.
Key health determinants in Oxford include social, behavioral, biological, and environmental factors. Employment gaps due to skill shortages and income deprivation affect child and elderly well-being, while air quality and urban design influence long-term public health. Strategies such as the Cardiff Healthy City Model emphasize community-based interventions, improved green spaces, and accessible healthcare to enhance physical and mental well-being. This study examines how health and social care policies can address these challenges, fostering a healthier, more equitable Oxford through targeted public health initiatives.
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Slide 1: Population overview of Oxford city
- This study focussed on identifying physical, mental, and social health well-being information in Oxford City
- According to (oxfordshire.gov.uk, 2023), it has been evaluated that according to 2021 sensus 162,100 population is present in Oxford city
- As per the 2021 report, it is understood that 54% of the total population was white British.
- On the other hand, it also identified that the Christian religion population are more present and the second more religion are Hindu and Buddhism (Bracic, 2020)
S.N: This study, evaluates the impact of health and social care policies on the public health of Oxford City. Based on the 2021 census it has been determined that 4% of the population is aged 0-4 years.
Slide 2: Age profile of Oxford city
- 10% of the population is aged 0-10 years compared to other cities in England. 0.7 % of the population are Jewish and 0.9 % are other religions.
- Younger age groups have a higher number of people aged 20-24 than living in England
- The Census of 2021 reported that the adult working age group is 16 to 64 years which is 73% in Oxford City (org, 2023)
S.N: Apart from this report it also identified that the 65+ years age group of the population is lower than other country that is 18% and the population mainly increased last 10 years compared to 2011. The population aged is expected 85+ increasing by 2032.
Slide 3: Socio-economic status of Oxford city
- Female life expectancy is up to 70 years of good health and 14.6 years of living in poorer health.
- On the other hand, male life expectancy is 68.6 years of good health and 12.9 years is poor health in Oxford City.
- In Oxford city, a lower-income population group lives and identified that 11.03% (oxfordshire.gov.uk, 2023)
S.N: According to determinants it has been understood that higher levels of employment and more employment opportunities are shown in Oxford city. The Deprivation index determines that the lack of adult skills in the local population that creates a gap in employment.
Slide 4: Health determinants of Oxford city
- Most of the people in Oxford city are poor for lack of skills creating a gap in employment rates and healthy community-based socio-economic culture
- Lower-income deprivation that affects children and affecting by older people is 9.3%
- Four main categories of health determinants are social, behavioural, biological and environmental involveing interaction between factors and effects of health practices as well as health care policies
S.N: Healthier city making by reducing cars and more tree plantations that improve air quality in Oxford city (Polubriaginof et al. 2019). A good healthier area built by government rules and NHS standards practices and managing the NHS budget helps to plan care quality community services.
Slide 5: Strategies to make healthier areas in Oxford city
- According to the Cardiff Health City model, Increasing health support and care policies improve the mortality rate in Oxford City (Bracic, 2020).
- On the other hand, changing populational behaviour through behavioural skills and activity changes the mental health condition of the population.
- Social health care policies such as community-based activity help to build public health and healthier areas in Oxfird city.
S.N: Creating more physical activity-based outdoor spaces that motivate to population and increase the sense of community. Increasing accessibility as well as resources of clean water and food production make healthier city.
Reference
Bracic, A., 2020. Breaking the exclusion cycle: How to promote cooperation between majority and minority ethnic groups. Oxford University Press.
Polubriaginof, F.C., Ryan, P., Salmasian, H., Shapiro, A.W., Perotte, A., Safford, M.M., Hripcsak, G., Smith, S., Tatonetti, N.P. and Vawdrey, D.K., 2019. Challenges with quality of race and ethnicity data in observational databases. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 26(8-9), pp.730-736.
Website
Oxfordshire.org, 2023. About: Oxford city needs analysis. Available at:https://oxfordshire.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Oxford-City-needs-analysis-Jun-2018.pdf [Accessed on: 6.11.2023]
Insight.oxfordshire.gov.uk, 2023. About: JSNA report of Oxford city. Available at:https://insight.oxfordshire.gov.uk/cms/system/files/documents/JSNA_2019_Ch2_Population.pdf [Accessed on:6.11.2023]
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