In UK, travel & tourism is one of the main sector which makes remarkable contribution in the economic growth & development. However, due to COVID growth of travel and tourism sector has impacted adversely within the country. Travel and tourism refers to facilities which are provided by business entity to individual visiting different places. Tourism also refers to the cultural in which people travel to different places for fulfilling their personal or business objective. Tourism refers to activities which involve travelling to different place and staying there for not more than 1 year for the purpose of leisure, relaxation and adventures. Travel and tourism activities in world create huge impact on the environmental, social and cultural factors of countries so people are focusing on sustainable tourism. This tourism refers to carrying out travel activities which focuses on reducing negative impact on the environment and society of country. Sustainable tourism also refers to providing facilities to traveler with accordance to fulfillment of future needs and using resources rationally. Sustainable tourism also refer to ecology tour that emphasis on reducing negative impact on the natural resources of country that has been caused due to increases in travelling.
There is various reason because of which individual travel to different places which includes adventure, cultural, business and education. Adventure cultural refers to the travelling to different destination for taking part in various outdoors and physical activities. Example includes river rafting, kayaking, trekking, climbing, ziplining etc. Cultural tourism refers to travelling to different destination for the purpose of gaining knowledge and understanding others, culture and beliefs. For Example: visiting historical sites and landmark, national park and architectural treasures. Business tourism includes visiting different places with purpose of attaining meeting, seminars or exhibitions. When a person travels to different city or country with the motive of higher studies then it is refer as educational tourism. For example: school trips, workshops, attaining educational cruises or seminars. Tourist behavior refers to thought, belief and attitude of individual towards purchasing good for the other destination.
This involves determining the behavior of tourist towards protecting cultural and environment of particular country. Behaviors of tourist help in determine the mindset and belief of tourist regarding particular product or place. Behavior of tourist is affected with variety of factors that includes satisfaction, motivation, experiences, place image and quality. Behaviors and belief of local people has been impacted due to changes in the attitude and values of tourists. To determine the mindset and belief of local people towards tourism Doxey’s index has been used. By applying this index it has been identified that people thought and view has been changed from positive to negative. This has been done as people are more focused towards enjoying the trip and less importance has been given to protecting environment and natural resources of country. Socio cultural aspect of tourism refers to impact tourism creates on the social and cultural aspects of the country. Socio economic includes various negative and positive impact which has been occured in the country’s economy due to increase in tourism. This easy will discuss on various impact of socio cultural and economic aspect of country. This will also include detail description of society and sociology and will also discuss on importance of sustainability in tourism.
Socio cultural tourism refers to changes in behaviors, values, lifestyle, quality of life and structure of country due to increases in tourism in the country. Tourism aims at creating positive and negative impact on socio- cultural aspects of country. It has been identified that government makes more focus on increasing investment towards protecting countries’ historical monuments, heritage and enhancing infrastructure of the country (Almuhrzi and Al-Azri, 2019). This also includes focus on enhancing local facilities that includes better education, services and leisure facilities to population. For developing all theses, government needs to hire more employees which will eventually result into decreases unemployment rate in country and results in improving standard of living. It has been identified that UK government has invested over £383 billion for the development of infrastructure in country (Investment towards development of infrastructure in UK, 2020). It will results in improving overall social and cultural aspects within country.
However, it has been identified increases in tourism in the country results in increase in the level of traffic within country that eventually impact life of local people (Silva and Henriques, 2021). This results into increase in the level of diseases and infection within country because of overcrowding & inadequate sanitations facilities. Culture of the country is also highly impacted due to increases in tourist as local people may adopt the culture & lifestyle of visitor and ignores the local cultures of country (Butler, 2020). It has been identified that there is increases in the robbery case with tourist in London which indicate that anti-social and criminal activities has been increases in UK due to rise in number of tourist. According to me, socio-cultural aspects of tourism are importance to evaluate in the country. This helps in preserving historical monument of country and helps in spreading awareness regarding country’s culture (Scarlett, 2021). It also helps in improving infrastructure of country and eventually results in improving standard and lifestyle of local people.
Tourism within the country helps in improving overall economic and financial position of the country (Festivalia, Enggriani and Pramanik, 2019.). It has been identified that Travel and tourism industry contributed high amount in total income of the UK. £237.1 billion has been collected in 2022 due to travel and tourism within the country (Total revenue of UK form tourism, 2022). Increase in overall economic position of country results in increasing flow of money in the market and resulting in improving purchasing power of the local people. It has been identified that increases in revenue by government results in enhancing investment by government towards developing infrastructure and local facilities. Education facilities will be improved that will help in enhancing knowledge and understanding level of people that assist in overall development of individual. As income increases government will focus towards development of rural areas that results in reduction in number of migration within country (Font et al, 2023). Country’s revenue will be improved it as UK will be able to collected more revenue through putting direct and indirect tax in the services and goods. Income of local business will increases with the increases in number of tourist within the country.
However it has been identified that increases in tourist in country leads to reducing people‘s focuses towards fishing, mining and other primary activities. People are more focusing on working in the tertiary sectors which leads to reduction in income from the primary sources. As local people are more focused towards earning from tourist prices of goods and services has been increased in country (Hall, 2021). This results in making the goods expensive for local people and results in impacting their overall budgets of people. In my opinion, tourism plays an important role in improving socio-economic aspects of the country. This helps in enhancing the educational level of population which eventually results in improving lifestyle and standard of living (Streimikiene et al, 2021). As income increases government focus on starting various developmental projects that results in creating job opportunity within country which improve income of people within country.
Sociology and Its Theoretical Frameworks
Society refers to the association of people that share common beliefs, values and cultures. Sociology refer to the detailed study of the changes in the society, social life and the various causes because of which changes has been occurred in the society and individuals behavior. Symbolic interaction, feminism, conflict theory and structural functionalism are various concept of sociology. Symbolic interaction use various non-verbal and verbal symbols that assist in determining the relation of human being with the society (Higgins-Desbiolles et al, 2019). This theory is based on determining how people’s interaction with others help in forming their perception regarding them. Conflict theory refers to as individual in the society are having continuous conflict because of scarcity of resources and each individual wants to fulfill their own needs. This conflict has been impacted by the authority and power of one and people with more power will have domination over other. Structural and functionalism theory define that human being work-in the complex structure that aim at promoting solidarity and stability within the society (Ivanov et al, 2020). In the feminism theory of sociology focuses is paid towards treating men and worm equally in the society on the bases of wage, reputation, income etc. This theory pay emphasis that female should be provided with equal rights and opportunity that of the men which will help in improvement in society.
Stakeholder Theory and Tourism’s Multifaceted Impact
Stakeholder theory will be used to describe the impact of tourism on the various aspects of country (Stakeholder theory, 2023). Economic, environment, cultural and social aspect of country has been impacted by changes in travel and tourism within the country. It has been identified that local resident, government, non-profit organization and other business in the country has been impacted positively as well as negatively through tourism within UK. As the tourism increases within country local businesses has been provided with more scope to sell their product to tourist who will help in enhancing their profits (Manzoor et al, 2019). However it has been identified that the price for goods and services has been increased for the local people who impact their income level. Government has invested huge amount to protect the historical monuments and places of country that helps in enhancing the country’s infrastructure. On the other hand, increase in the number of visitors may result into harm to the beauty of the historical places.
Synergies and Sustainable Development
Environment and natural resource of country has been positively impacted by tourists authority focuses on preserving natural resources and beauty of the country that help in sustainable development of country. However, tourist behavior and carelessness towards surrounding and natural resources result in degrading their quality (McMillan Cottom, 2020.). Tourist also leads to incases in tourist that results in increasing pollution within country and impact the quality of air.There is positive relationship between all the factors as improvement in the economic condition will result in creation of more job opportunity and helps in achieving sustainability. Government investments towards the infrastructure development will leads to attracting more customers and in improving economic condition of country (Ren et al, 2019.). Sustainability refers to the development of the country with no negative impact on the environment and society. Increases in tourism leads to development of infrastructure and other facility of country that helps in overall well being of the society.
Conclusion
It has been concluded form easy that tourism plays a crucial role in development of environment, cultural, and economy of the country. It has been determined that socio-cultural and socio- economic aspect of tourism should be evaluated. Socio cultural of the country has been imported as government provides investment towards the development and maintenance of historical places and monuments. This helps in development of various facilities and infrastructure of country that assists in improving standard of living of local population. It has been identify that increases in tourist leads to generation of high traffic within UK that impact the life of local people in country. It has also includes that local people get influence form the lifestyle of other and start adopting their cultural that impact the local beliefs and cultures.
Economy of country has been imported as tourism leads to generation of high revenue within country and authority also earn form direct and indirect taxes. Prices of goods and services have been increases which impact negatively on the income of local people. It has also included various sociology theories that help in getting better information and knowledge regarding behavior or attitude of humans’ beings. It has been identifying through theory that there scarcity of resources within country that leads to creation of continuous conflicts between individual and people with power are always able to dominate others. This essay also discussion on structural functionalism theory that described that unity and solidarity within society has been promoted by human as they work in a complex environment. It has been depicted from report that various stakeholder such as local people, business and government are highly impacted by tourism activity within country. It has been determined that sustainable tourism helps in well being of society and overall development of country.
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References
Books and Journals
Almuhrzi, H.M. and Al-Azri, H.I., 2019. Conference report: second UNWTO/UNESCO world conference on tourism and culture: fostering sustainable development. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 13(1), pp.144-150.
Butler, R.W., 2020. Sustainable tourism: A state-of-the-art review. Tourism and Sustainable Development Goals, pp.11-29.
Festivalia, F., Enggriani, M. and Pramanik, P.D., 2019. The Impact of Tourism on Village Society. TRJ Tourism Research Journal, 3(2), pp.178-187.
Font, X., Torres-Delgado, A., Crabolu, G., Palomo Martinez, J., Kantenbacher, J. and Miller, G., 2023. The impact of sustainable tourism indicators on destination competitiveness: The European Tourism Indicator System. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 31(7), pp.1608-1630.
Hall, C.M., 2021. Constructing sustainable tourism development: The 2030 agenda and the managerial ecology of sustainable tourism. In Activating Critical Thinking to Advance the Sustainable Development Goals in Tourism Systems (pp. 198-214). Routledge.
Higgins-Desbiolles, F., Carnicelli, S., Krolikowski, C., Wijesinghe, G. and Boluk, K., 2019. Degrowing tourism: Rethinking tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism.
Ivanov, S., Gavrilina, M., Webster, C. and Ralko, V., 2020. Impacts of political instability on the tourism industry in Ukraine. In Instability and Tourism (pp. 100-127). Routledge.
Manzoor, F., Wei, L., Asif, M., Haq, M.Z.U. and Rehman, H.U., 2019. The contribution of sustainable tourism to economic growth and employment in Pakistan. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(19), p.3785.
McMillan Cottom, T., 2020. Where platform capitalism and racial capitalism meet: The sociology of race and racism in the digital society. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 6(4), pp.441-449.
Ren, T., Can, M., Paramati, S.R., Fang, J. and Wu, W., 2019. The impact of tourism quality on economic development and environment: Evidence from Mediterranean countries. Sustainability, 11(8), p.2296.
Scarlett, H.G., 2021. Tourism recovery and the economic impact: A panel assessment. Research in Globalization, 3, p.100044.
Silva, H.E. and Henriques, F.M., 2021. The impact of tourism on the conservation and IAQ of cultural heritage: The case of the Monastery of Jerónimos (Portugal). Building and Environment, 190, p.107536.
Streimikiene, D., Svagzdiene, B., Jasinskas, E. and Simanavicius, A., 2021. Sustainable tourism development and competitiveness: The systematic literature review. Sustainable development, 29(1), pp.259-271.
Online
Investment towards development of infrastructure in UK. 2020. Online Available through :< https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7df04940f0b62305b7fbcc/infrastructure_pitchbook_28072014.pdf>
Stakeholder theory. 2023. Online Available through :< https://www.wrike.com/blog/understanding-stakeholder-theory/>
Total revenue of UK form tourism. 2022. Online Available through :< https://www.statista.com/topics/3269/travel-and-tourism-in-the-united-kingdom-uk/#:~:text=Travel%20and%20tourism%20contribute%20significantly,estimated%20237.1%20billion%20British%20pounds.>
