The impact of the role of HRM in creating sustainable organizational performance and contributing to business success
INTRODUCTION
Leadership refers to an action of guiding, directing and motivating the employees whereas management refers to a process of managing company`s activity and resources to attain the organizational goals in effective and efficient manner. The present report is based on the case study of Apple Plc, a digital store that deals in electronic devices. The report will outline the application of leadership and management theories that influence the effectiveness of the company. In addition, it also evaluates the impact of different styles on culture of the company.
Influence of leadership and management theories and principles on effectiveness of the organization
The Digital tech store offers several products such as personal computers, digital media player, smartwatches and so more. The employees of the organization provide with average pay and money for education and healthcare, however there is lack of opportunities for the career advancement.
Several leadership and management theories have great impact on decision-making as well as effectiveness of the organization. Following are the theories:
Democratic leadership: Democratic leadership also known as participative leadership, it consists including each employee within the decision-making process. In other words, it includes making room for multiple individual to participate the process of decision-making. The style provides freedom of voice to the employees, encourage them to freely share their ideas, opinion and feedbacks (Hilton, Arkorful and Martins, 2021). The implementation of this leadership style within the Apple PLC helps in encourage employees in a significant manner, For instance, using this style, leader able to motivate team members to bring their innovative and unique ideas together, leads to creative solution, better decision-making results in effective performance of the organization in competitive edge. However, the leadership sometimes negatively impacts organization effectiveness as it is quite challenging to make the decisions in rapid manner as input of everybody considered. The delay result in financial loss and disadvantage in regards to competitiveness in market.
Situational leadership: Situational leadership refers to a leading style that adopts by the leader according to the different kind of situations prevails within micro and macro environment. The style is quite appropriate as a single style can`t be useful to lead the team. The leadership style focus on develop a connection with the workforce, motivate employees as well as provide them with the required reward and recognition (Clarke, 2021). The situational leadership plays an important role for the Apple Plc in regard to better career opportunities. The leadership style emphasize on delegating responsible work to the employees, it helps in encourage employees significantly, allows employees to become more skilled and talented in their job role. Ultimately, the leadership style enables the Apple PLC to motivate as well as grow skills and abilities of its employees correspondingly help in enhancing their productivity and performance result in greater profitability to the organization.
In addition, the leadership style focus on enhancing communication and motivation within the employees that helps in ensure success of the organization. Situational leadership style based on seeking feedback and input from the employees, leads to creation of more engaging and collaborative work environment. It helps the employees to work with their full potential results in enhancing organizational performance. Also, according to the situation or requirement of individual, the leadership style concentrate on providing timely training opportunities to the followers, this allows the individual to become specialised in their working area, leads to better attainment of company goals. The use of situational leadership by the Apple PLC enables it to provide career advancement opportunity to employees to increase their morale and productivity level, leads to help the organization in getting competitive edge (Wuryania et al, 2021). On the other hand, if the leader fails to effectively understand the requirement and complexity of the situation than they can select a wrong leadership style that can result in negatively impact on the organization effectiveness in terms of productivity and performance.
Administration management theory: It is consider as one of the best management theory for the organization. The theory based on the belief that managers should use a particular set of values to get best from the workforce. The management theory based on the 14 principles including division of work, unity of command, direction, equity, stability, centralization, initiative and so more. According to the theory, the leader focuses on division of work that enables the individual to become specialized in their work. In addition, the theory plays an important role in making balance between the authority as well as responsibility, allows in gain best outcome (Voloshyna, 2021). The successful adoption of administrative management theory by the Apple PLC, aids the company to motivate and direct the team by providing them responsibilities according to their potential as well as bringing specialization in work. When employee becomes expert in their work, it allows them to productively contribute within organization, leads to enhancement in organizational performance. Apart from this, according to administrative management theory, the equity principle enables the organization to cultivate a culture where each individual treat with kindness and equality. This leads to intrinsically motivate the employees, ultimately enhance effectiveness of the organization. However, the theory adversely impacts effectiveness of the organization as it caused in increasing bureaucracy, resistance to change, alienation of employees and so more. For instance, when the employees become specialized in their work then they resist to adopt innovative and creative changes due to fear of losing job, carelessness, it impacts their productivity and performance of organization as whole.
Impact of different leadership and management style on culture of company
Management and leadership style plays a vital role in the success of the organization. Each style as unique and innovative impacts on the employee, company `s culture as well as performance. The implementation of different leadership and management style has a diverse and positive impact on the culture of the company.
Democratic style: The leadership style plays an effective role in valuing employee’s feedback as well as incorporating diverse perspective to drive innovation within the organization. The leadership style aids in build an engaging, positive as well as unified work culture. Seeking of input from the employees before making decisions, enhances collaborative problem-solving as well as fosters a sense of ownership within the employees (George et al, 2021). For instance, Apple PLC by using the leadership style can motivate its employees to share their idea, opinion and views within the company it helps in creation of better products and services.
Also, when ideas of the employees use by the company, it encourage the individual to think more creatively, hence it motivate the employees to work with their full potential, result in increasing the retention rate within the organization. Apart from this, referring to the leadership style when greater priority and preference given to the ideas and opinion of the one employee or a group of people, then it results in making toxic organization culture where employee feel dissatisfied. In such a culture, employees productivity and performance adversely impacts, leads to non-attainment of gals as well as increasing in employee turnover rate.
Situational leadership style: The situational leadership style encourage an open and productive work culture as the leaders lead the team in accordance to the prevail situation within the organization (Bwalya, 2023). For instance, Apple Plc by using the style influence the employee morale by providing them with the appropriate career advancement opportunities i.e. training and development. Leading as well as directing the members of team according to the requirements, enables in building a productive work culture. In addition, the style includes providing the employees with the greater responsibility in terms of delegating the task and top responsibilities according to the skill and capacity level of the individual. This leads to enable the employees with the new learning opportunities in terms of doing new task, acquire new skill as well as knowledge, results in making the individual more productive.
The open and productive culture positively impact the work motivation and job satisfaction correspondingly allows the individual to complete their job with enthusiastically, as an outcome of this company able to get a competitive advantage as compared to its rivals (Leadership Theories, 2025). However, the situational leadership sometimes become a reason of confusion within employees. For instance, using the style sometime employees provide opportunity in regards to participate in decision making while in sometime their feedbacks not considered, this negatively impacts company`s culture and productivity level of employees.
Administrative management style: The management style focus on division of work, unity of command, equity result in cultivates an inclusive and diversifies culture within the organization. The successful implementation of the management style within the Apple PLC allows the leader to treat everyone with equality and kindness by providing each and every employee with career advancement opportunities according to their potential (Gómez-Hurtado et al, 2021). Moreover, the management style influence a discipline culture within the organization by ensuring effective compliance of rules and regulation to uncertain safety of employees as well as customers.
In addition, compliance with the principle of initiative of the management theory enables the employees to develop and share initiatives that act as productive elements for both employees and company, this leads to provide a feeling of respect as well as value to the employees, result in creation of an engaging culture within the Apple PLC. On the contrary to this, the administrative management style sometime result in creating a toxic environment where employees not happier to make changes in their work area according to the changes taking place in external environment. This resistance from the employees acts as an obstacle for the organization to meet the competitive advantage in a rapid changing environment, results in direct impact on the company productivity and performance as well as the morale of the employees who wants to adopt changes.
Comparison of three styles and the impact on culture and performance
|
Particulars |
Democratic style |
Situational style |
Administrative management |
|
Concept |
It includes motivating the employees by giving them freedom to voice out their opinion and suggestions. |
The use leadership style according to situation, modification in approach that suits employees and organization requirements |
Effective management of activities and people via using equity, division of labour, unity of command and other principles (Ray, Herd and Moynihan, 2023) |
|
Influence on performance |
The style leads to increase employee morale and productivity by involving them in the decision-making process, ultimately results in enhance overall organizational performance (Nedelko and Potocan, 2021). |
According to situation, by providing learning and development opportunities such as training, increase efficiency and ability of individual to perform task result in development of better product and services. It leads to eventually increase company performance by providing competitive edge. |
The theory helpful in bringing specialization among the employees, leads to effective attainment of organizational goals. |
|
Impact on the culture |
Democratic leadership results in creating open, positive as well as collaborative culture where everyone feels valued and respected. It results in productive work. |
Situational leadership includes leading and motivating team according to the individual needs correspondingly it helpful in building productive environment (Gui, Lei and Le, 2022). It influences the followers to work with their full potential while acquired new skills and ability via timely training. |
The style results in create an inclusive and diversified culture as each and every employee treat in equal manner. However, due to compliance with several rules and regulation, it can result in making a toxic culture as well. |
Thus, each style has their own positive as well as negative influences on the company` culture and performance. The application of the appropriate strategy allows the Apple PLC to attain its organizational goals while providing better career advancement opportunity to its employees to significantly encourage and motivate them.
Reflection
Reflection (member 1)
Referring to the Gibbs reflective model, in the preparation of the assignment I gave my best to effective completion of the assignment on the time. During working on the project, I use my research skills to search about the best leadership and management style. Efficient research skills of mine aid me to search and organize the information in accurate and meaningful manner. I search for the valuable content from the authentic sites from the copyright sites that published after the year 2021, as too old information may not able to provide latest information. In addition, it is a pair work therefore effective collaboration and coordination is quite important (Mata et al, 2021). In context to this, I use my communication skill to build an understanding with my team member, this helps me to convey my ideas and opinion with the member leads to avoid the chances of misunderstanding.
This skill helps me to discuss the key factors of the project with my partners, helps in ensuring clarity and effective completion of the assignment. The ability allows me to collaboratively divide the task activities with my partner while considering area of expertise and skill of both. It allows us to divide task and bring specialization within the group project. Also, referring to this, I used active listening skill to attentively listen the ideas, opinion and suggestion of my partner to avoid chaos and conflicts, this allows to enhance knowledge of both in regards to the subject matter. Apart from this, I proficiently contribute to the project by using my critical-thinking skill to develop a role-play on different business scenarios. The skill helps me to think critically as a result allows me to evaluate the business scenarios in the best manner and answer it in informative and appropriate way. This allows me to complete my assignment effectively and helps me to increase my overall performance within the group project.
The critical thinking skill also plays an important role during the project in compare and contrast the three different leadership and management style, results in provide valuable and in-depth insight. Moreover, to perform the group project in best way, I use my attention to detail skill to develop a role-play while giving attention to each detail of the scenario in the prominent manner. The ability allows me to emphasis on both small as well as significant details while completing a task. Thus, good utilization of my all skills allows me to contribute and perform with my full potential, leading to completion of the assignment on time.
However, during the pair work, I identified that time-management skill is my area of improvement. The limitation acts as an obstacle for me to complete the project on set deadline. In regards to this, during the project I work on this limitation by watching online tutorial to efficiently manage the time (Hashim et al, 2023). This aids me to learn about making the schedule for the completion of task by allocating each activity at different time. It helps me to contribute in complete my project on time, leads to enhance my performance.
Reflection (member 2)
During the module, I was provided with a pair work with my classmate on topic the role of HRM on organizational performance. The project was based on several case studies and leadership and management theories. Referring to the Gibbs reflective model, during the project I contributed and performed with my best potential while using my different skills and abilities. First of all, I used my note-taking skill, it is an ability to organize the information or idea in systematic and chronological order. I effectively note-down the search content, to efficiently include all information in a structured manner, to make the project informative as well as knowledgeable (Mantra et al, 2023). It helps me to include all important information, helps in making the project more knowledgeable. Additionally, I also used my reading skill to read and make conclusion from the different scenarios. Good reading skill allows me to accurately understand the each part of the assignment brief while considering each small information in the project.
To contribute and perform best in the pair work, I use my effective communication skill to build a rapport and understanding with my partner, it allows me to coordinate as well as gaining knowledge about the subject matter. Apart from this, I used my writing skills to complete the assignment as well as the writing the content in effectively and succinctly. The skill contributes me to write the information in clear and understandable manner while avoiding any kind of the grammatical errors. My paraphrasing skill allows me to write the information in my own words, ensure avoidance of plagiarism within the assignment. The skill helps me contribute effectively in the group project as it is helpful in restate and clarify another author’s idea. In addition, during the project, while completing the part of role play, I focus on using my critical-thinking ability to proficiently answer the different case scenarios in meaningful and understandable manner. Furthermore, to contribute within the project, my decision-making skill plays an important role (Ejegwa and Agbetayo, 2023). The skill help me to decide best option, for instance best management or leadership style according the case scenarios after evaluating the pros and cons of the each situation. This allows me to perform and contribute within the pair work with my best potential.
However, referring to the Gibbs reflective model, while contributing the project, I identified that effective problem-solving skill is one of my weakness. In the course of project, I find difficulty in searching for the valuable information as some of the sites are paid, required subscription. This lack of ability creates barrier for me to complete the project with ease. To improve the weakness, I focus on observing my superior or team mates to learn solving the problems in efficient manner. Thus, good communication, note-taking, writing, paraphrasing as well as decision-making skill helps me to contribute my best within the pair project and as a outcome of this, it all help me to successfully contributes and perform within the project.
CONCLUSION
As expressed, the role of leadership and management is significant in attaining the goals of organization in proficient manner. The present study based on case scenario of Apple Plc, for leading, motivating and providing better career advancement opportunity, organization can use three different theories including democratic, situational and administrative management style. The democratic style allows employees to participate in decision-making process, leads to create collaborative and open environment while situational leadership enables in provide job satisfaction through furnish learning opportunity, ultimately enhancing productivity of company. In addition, administration management style leads to creation of diversified culture leads to increase morale of employees.
This HRM and leadership assignment sample illustrates how to critically analyse management theories, organizational culture, and sustainable performance using real business case studies. If you need support with HRM assignments, leadership theory analysis, reflective writing, or case-based coursework, assignment help online can ensure structured arguments, critical evaluation, and academic accuracy. Our experts assist students in delivering plagiarism-free, well-referenced management assignments that meet university marking criteria.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bwalya, A., 2023. Leadership styles. Global Scientific Journal, 11(8).
Clarke, A.E., 2021. From grounded theory to situational analysis: What’s new? Why? How?. In Developing grounded theory (pp. 223-266). Routledge.
Ejegwa, P.A. and Agbetayo, J.M., 2023. Similarity-distance decision-making technique and its applications via intuitionistic fuzzy pairs. Journal of Computational and Cognitive Engineering, 2(1), pp.68-74.
George, B., Pandey, S.K., Steijn, B., Decramer, A. and Audenaert, M., 2021. Red Tape, organizational performance, and employee outcomes: Meta‐analysis, meta‐regression, and research agenda. Public Administration Review, 81(4), pp.638-651.
Gómez-Hurtado, I., Valdés, R., González-Falcón, I. and Jiménez Vargas, F., 2021. Inclusive leadership: Good managerial practices to address cultural diversity in schools. Social Inclusion, 9(4), pp.69-80.
Gui, L., Lei, H. and Le, P.B., 2022. Determinants of radical and incremental innovation: the influence of transformational leadership, knowledge sharing and knowledge-centered culture. European Journal of Innovation Management, 25(5), pp.1221-1241.
Hashim, S.N.A., Yaacob, A., Suryani, I., Asraf, R.M., Bahador, Z. and Supian, N., 2023. Exploring the Use of Gibbs' Reflective Model in Enhancing In-Service ESL Teachers' Reflective Writing. Arab World English Journal, 14(2).
Hilton, S.K., Arkorful, H. and Martins, A., 2021. Democratic leadership and organizational performance: the moderating effect of contingent reward. Management Research Review, 44(7), pp.1042-1058.
Hilton, S.K., Arkorful, H. and Martins, A., 2021. Democratic leadership and organizational performance: the moderating effect of contingent reward. Management Research Review, 44(7), pp.1042-1058.
Mantra, I.B.N., Handayani, N.D., Pramawati, A.A.I.Y. and Widiastuti, I.A.M.S., 2023. Brainstorming Combined With Project-Based Learning as an Effective Learning Strategy in Writing Classrooms. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 14(6), pp.1590-1596.
Mata, Á.N.D.S., de Azevedo, K.P.M., Braga, L.P., de Medeiros, G.C.B.S., de Oliveira Segundo, V.H., Bezerra, I.N.M., Pimenta, I.D.S.F., Nicolás, I.M. and Piuvezam, G., 2021. Training in communication skills for self-efficacy of health professionals: a systematic review. Human resources for health, 19, pp.1-9.
Nabella, S.D., Rivaldo, Y., Kurniawan, R., Nurmayunita, N., Sari, D.P., Luran, M.F. and Wulandari, K., 2022. The Influence of Leadership and Organizational Culture Mediated by Organizational Climate on Governance at Senior High School in Batam City. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 12(5), pp.119-130.
Nedelko, Z. and Potocan, V., 2021. Sustainability of organizations: The contribution of personal values to democratic leadership behavior focused on the sustainability of organizations. Sustainability, 13(8), p.4207.
Ray, V., Herd, P. and Moynihan, D., 2023. Racialized burdens: Applying racialized organization theory to the administrative state. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 33(1), pp.139-152.
Voloshyna, O.V., 2021. Modern methods of administrative management at the enterprises. SWorldJournal. 2021.№ 7, рart 2. P. 56-67.
Wuryania, E., Rodlib, A.F., Sutarsib, S., Dewib, N.N. and Arifb, D., 2021. Analysis of decision support system on situational leadership styles on work motivation and em-ployee performance. Management Science Letters, 11, pp.365-372.
Online
Leadership Theories. 2025. Online. Available through: < https://www.simplilearn.com/top-leadership-theories-every-manager-should-know-article>
