Evaluating The Role Of Emotional Intelligence In Motivating Multicultural Project Teams: Insights From The Netherlands
Introduction
“Emotional intelligence” plays an important role in motivating the project teams in a multicultural context in the Netherlands. Different types of factors like weekly exercise, perceived support from social factors, average monthly income, nature-relatedness, and dog ownership all are important factors in identifying life satisfaction. However, in the following study the two variables of “perceived social support” and weekly exercise are taken to explore the influence of these two variables on the “life satisfaction” level. Therefore, the independent measurement of the Factorial ANOVA test is used by using the JSAP software that helps to compare the group-based comparison. Therefore, this research study tried to explore the key importance of supportive relationships and physical activity to enhance life satisfaction levels in the context of the diverse, multicultural working environment of the Netherlands.
Overview of the topic
Life satisfaction is considered an important factor for the development of psychological well-being. Therefore, life satisfaction depends upon cognitive assessments, emotional experience, and development of life quality and improvement of mental health. The contribution of social support, physical activity, and life satisfaction are some important factors for developing the life satisfaction of the project team members in the multicultural context of the Netherlands. Physical activity has a positive impact on the development of mental health by which the life satisfaction of the team members can be developed. Physical activities enhance mood and reduce stress, which provides greater satisfaction for the team members' lives in the Netherlands. At the same time, the “Perceived social support” that includes communication with friends, the community and family members have some positive impacts on the development of mental health. Therefore, the higher perceived type of social support develops positive emotions by which well-being can be developed.
Problem Statement
The weekly exercise and the “Perceived Social Support” have different influences for which the life satisfaction may vary (Ross, 2022). Therefore, this research study identified the perceived impact of social support and weekly exercise on the life satisfaction of multicultural team members in the Netherlands.
Research aim
The main research aim of this research study is to address the weekly exercise impact and the impact of “perceived social support” on the development of the life satisfaction and well-beings of the team members of the multicultural team members of the Netherlands.
Research objective
- To identify the impact of weekly exercise on the Life Satisfaction of the multicultural team of Netherlands.
- To identify the impact of the “Perceived social support” for the multicultural team members of the Netherlands.
- To describe the key impacts of both factors of weekly exercise and the “Perceived social support” for the development of Life satisfaction” in Netherlands’s multicultural team members.
Research Question
How do the “Perceived Social Support” and the “Weekly Exercise” provide support in influencing the Life Satisfaction of the team members in the multicultural team context of the Netherlands?
Resaerch Hypothesis
The hypothesis for this present research study is described as follows.
“Null Hypothesis (H1)”: The weekly exercise has some positive impact on developing a higher level of life satisfaction.
“Alternative Hypothesis (H1’):” The weekly exercise does not have some positive impact on developing a higher level of life satisfaction.
“Null Hypothesis (H2)”: The “Perceived Social Support” has a positive correlation with the development of a higher level of life satisfaction.
“Alternative Hypothesis (H2’):” The “Perceived Social Support” does not have a positive correlation with the development of a higher level of life satisfaction.
“Null Hypothesis (H3)”: A significant interaction exists between the “Perceived Social Support” and weekly exercise implying higher exercise and higher Social support have some higher life satisfaction effects.
Research rationale
Life satisfaction and the mental well-being of humans depend upon different factors. Different types of factors like Weekly exercise, and “Perceived Social Support” have some positive impacts on the “Social Well-being” of the multicultural team members of the Netherlands. Therefore, exploration of the key impacts of the weekly exercise, “positive Social support” helps to identify the satisfaction impacts and impacts of physical activities on enhancing the life satisfaction of the multicultural team members.
Research Significance
Identification of the role of different factors in the development of mental well-being is important because this helps to identify some valuable insight. It is also addressed that there exists a complex relationship between “Social life satisfaction”, “Perceived social support” and the weekly exercise. It is often found that weekly exercise helps to affect the biochemical changes that also help to enhance self-esteem levels and the energy levels by which satisfaction levels can be developed. Physical activity also builds confidence levels and removes the negative impacts by which multicultural team members can get relief from stress. Similarly, the “Perceived Social Support” also helps to build a strong relationship with friends, and family members by which the team members from multicultural backgrounds can get relief from the stress factors. Therefore, exploration of the key roles of these variables can identify the impact of the weekly exercise and “Perceived social factor” on “social well-being of life”. Therefore, this present research study plays a significant role in this point.
Relevant Literature
According to Yari, 2024, the author discusses in a research that the cross-cultural competence of international teams and in this respect EI is quite useful to motivate. Therefore, in the case of diverse teams, EI can be regarded as the factor that contributes to communication, trust, and flexibility. To such an extent, EI’s application in leadership enhances collaboration and performance in an organization, especially in multicultural contexts of a project (Yari, 2024). EI together with cultural sensitivity enhances the motivation standard, minimizes the clashes, and, therefore, enhances the overall performance of a team.
Conceptual Framework
The “conceptual Framework” plays an important role in identifying the relationship between the “independent” and the “dependent variable” for the investigation of emotional intelligence impacts on social well-being factors for the multicultural team members that are described as follows.
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework
(Source: Self-created in Draw.io)
Dependent Variable
The “Social Well-being (SWL)” is considered as the main “dependent variable” to identify the impacts of emotional intelligence for enhancing “Social well-being (SWL)” factors.
“Social Well-beings (SWL)”
In the following situation, “Social Well-being (SWL)” is considered as the “dependent variable” to identify the effects of emotional intelligence on the team members from multicultural contexts in the Netherlands.
Independent variable
At the same time the Weekly Exercise, and the “Perceived social support” is considered as the “independent variable”.
Weekly Exercise
This is an “independent variable” because this variable identifies the overall frequency levels that are done by the multicultural team members. Therefore, this weekly exercise variable is considered as the “independent variable”.
“Perceived Social Support (PSS)”
The “Perceived Social Support” is also considered as the “independent variable” because the person might vary from person to person (Iaboni, 2021). This support is different for different members of family members, and friends. So this variable is also considered as the “independent variable”.
Literature Gap
However, it does mention cross-cultural competencies, but it provides no evidence on how emotional intelligence by itself helps to affect motivation in multicultural project teams in the Netherlands, which again creates the opportunity to open up for more empirical study.
Method
Participation
The power calculation is computed at the desired alpha level of 0.05, a preferred mid-effect size of 0.5 according to Cohen’s d formulation, and a desired power of 0.80. The participants required in the study according to the power calculation were 254 participants to detect the effects (Ross, 2022). The last sample had a total volume of 254 and in the age group of 18-45 years.
Inclusion criteria
The participants were to be males and females ranging from the age of 18-45 years, free from any severe acute or chronic illnesses such as neurological illness or any mental health disorders that may interfere with the test.
Exclusion criteria
Those participants who did not follow the instructions were excluded from the study. A final dataset was generated for all 254 subjects to include in the analyses.
Design
In conducting this study, the research used a “2x2 factorial design”. It had two independent variables thus, exercise of either low or high intensity or social support of either low or high intensity. Physical activity was categorized as low if the participants exercised below 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise in a week as recommended by WHO, while those who exercised above this were classified as high (Rovenska et al. 2024). Thus, to categorize the social support level, the perceived social support scale is used where the score below mean was defined as low and those above mean as high support (Schwald, 2021). The study’s key variable is the level of life satisfaction which was assessed with the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The total number of participants who were selected for the study is 254 of which are evenly divided across four experimental groups which are 63 each.
Materials
The research variables in the study are exercise levels, social support, and life satisfaction. A self-completed checklist is applied to evaluate exercises that as per respondent’s feedback represented the minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity that they completed every week, and the “Perceived Social Support Scale (PSS)” which makes respondents quantify the perception of family, friends, and significant other support using a 7-point Likert scale (Poort et al.2023). Life satisfaction was assessed with the Satisfaction with Life Scale which is a set of five questions where the respondent was required to put a 7-point Likert scale on the extent of agreement on the statement that was provided. Other self-report information including age, sex, and whether or not they own a pet or not was also obtained. Thus, the sample was made of full 254 responses with no responses excluded from the analyses due to the occurrence of some missing values.
Procedure
These consent forms included the reasons for the study along with the rights of the participants and these forms were given to participants upon arriving at the study site. All the participants were also asked to sign a consent form that stipulated that participation was voluntary and that a participant was free to withdraw at any one time. However, before seeking consent, participants were first asked a few questions about their age, gender, and whether or not they owned a pet (Schmidt, 2021.). The answers given by the respondents corresponded to one of four experimental conditions, Low exercise group with low support, low exercise group with high support, high exercise group with low support, and high exercise group with high support.
The assessment of life satisfaction was made using the instrument developed by the Satisfaction with “Life Scale”. Thus, there was enough space for the research with fewer interferences within the room. All these guidelines were practiced to protect the participant's identities (Marini, 2024). The information disclosed in the therapy sessions was confidential to all the participants involved.
Results
Write about the test with the Parametric assumption of the statistical test
In the first stage, the “parametric test” is performed for which each group’s histogram is tested to identify the normality assumptions. In this stage, the shape of the “bell curve” is also examined and the values of the “Kurtosis and skewness” are calculated based on the “standard errors (SE)” In this stage, the boundaries are set between “-2.58 to +2.58”. The skewness value ranges also varies between +2 to -2 and the assumption of the “normality” is also followed (Haider et al.2024). Then the “BoxPlots” is also used for the analysis of checking of the “Outliers problems” and finally the “Levene’s test” is used for checking the “homogeneity variance”. It is also assumed that if Levene’s test has no significant result then ANOVA results are allowed by following the “equal variance assumption”.
JASAP output
Explanation of output from skewness and Kurtosis
The value of Skewness for Exercise, PSS and SWL is 0,-0.256, and -0.199 and for Kurtosis is -2.016, -1.950, and -0.753. [Referred to Appendix: 5].
Description of “Bell-Curve” and Histogram
The variable “Regular Exercise” followed the property of “normal distribution” with + skewness (Schwald, 2021). The “bell curve” for the variable PSS approximately follows the “normal distribution” and “bell-shaped” with the presence of + skewness. Similarly, for the SWL variable, there exists a strong + skewness. However, the “bell curve” is not observed for the SWL variable due to + skewness towards the left side and visible in the “Histogram curve” of SWL. [Referred to Appendix: 1, 2,3,4]
Assumption satisfied column with Standard Error
Identifying the assumption of “Standard Error” needs to calculate the “Z-Score”, which is described as follows (Iaboni, 2021). For the Experience variable, the value of the Z score of skewness is 0, which satisfies the ranges of (-2.58 to +2.58) and the Kurtosis value is -6.6315, which does not satisfy the ranges of (-2 to +2). For PSS and SWL, the skewness score is satisfied which is -1.6732026, -1.3006 but the kurtosis score is -6.4144 (satisfies) for PSS is -2.4440, which does not satisfy the Kurtosis ranges. [Referred to Appendix: 6].
Identification of “Outlier Problems and box plot”
The discussion of outlier problems is as follows.
Write the findings from the box plot
For the variable, Weekly Exercise, the symmetrical output is shown in the results and no such point exists beyond the whisker point indicating no such outliers are present for Exercise (Haider et al. 2024). For PSS, the value also exists between the 1.0 range to 2.0, and no outlier is seen in PSS “box-plot”. However, for the SWL variable, in the lower point, there might be an outlier problem. [Referred to Appendix: 7, 8, and 9].
Checking of Levene’s Homogeneity
Here, the result shows in “Levene’s Homogeneity” test where the “P-value” is 0.757 (“P>0.05)”, this indicates that the variance “homogeneity assumption” is met. [Referred to Appendix: 10].
Report of inferential statistical test
The inferential test results are described as follows.
ANOVA analysis
The “2*2 factorial design” is followed which identifies the following values. For PSS, the result is “F (1, 250) = 24.490 with “P-value” <0.001 and η² = 0.089”. Similarly, for Exercise, “F (1, 250) = 0.929 with “P-value” = 0.336 and η² = 0.004” and the interaction values of “PSS and Exercise” is “F (1, 250) = 0.107 with “P-value” = 0.744 and η² = 0.000”.
Therefore, the result found that PSS have a significant impact on SWL. However, the “P-value” for Exercise is greater implies, it has no significant effect. At the same time, it is also identified that there does not exist any interaction between the PSS and Exercise indicating exercise is not influenced by the variable PSS. [Referred to Appendix: 11].
Visuals Analysis
From the “bar Chart” it is identified that the maximum number of participants responded that PSS have a significant impact on the development of life satisfaction. However, the Exercise does not show the results of the impact of Exercise on SWL. [Referred to Appendix: 12, 13, and 14].
Discussion
Summary of present research
The present research analysis tried to identify the impact of emotional intelligence on the multicultural team members of the Netherlands (Poort et al. 2023). Therefore, this present research study tried to identify the impact of the “Perceived Social Support (PSS)” and the Weekly Exercise on the development of the SWL, by using JSAP software.
Main results
It is identified that “Social Support (PSS)” have a positive impact on development of the life satisfaction than regular exercise. Therefore, it is suggested that the PSS is important for developing life satisfaction instead of the Weekly exercise.
Discussion of the hypothesis
The hypothesis suggested that “Social Support (PSS)” helps to develop life satisfaction (Marini, 2024). However, the Weekly exercise does not have any significant impact which suggests that social support can add some significant influence but the weekly exercise does not have a significant impact on life satisfaction.
Implications of problems
The insignificant result is identified for the Weekly exercise variable that raises the effective questions of the impact of weekly exercise on “team members of multicultural” which indicates that other factors like cultural factors can have some significant impact on balancing the life satisfaction for multicultural team members of Netherlands.
Discussion of Limitation
This research study did not use any type of objective measurement, especially for physical activity, which creates some major limitations and provides opportunities for future research areas (Yari, 2024).
Conclusion and Summary of Implications
The above research study tried to identify the impact of “emotional intelligence” on the multicultural team members of the Netherlands. Therefore, the two factors of the Weekly Exercise and the “Perceived Social Support” are chosen to identify the effect on life satisfaction (SWL)”. From the analysis and result findings, it is suggested that the PSS of family support, friends support have some positive impact on life satisfaction of the “multicultural team members”. However, weekly exercise has no significant impact on SWL. Therefore, it is suggested to consider other variables like some emotional intelligence factors for the identification of impact from a multicultural context. It is also suggested that no interaction between the “weekly exercise” and the PSS.
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