BMHP5016 Principles of Health and Social Care Practice
Assignment title: Component 2: Written Assignment
INTRODUCTION
PCC is the person-centred care in the care setting, which is focused on delivering the service with the view to meet the individual goals. PW is the partnership working that emphasises on collaboration between the healthcare providers for pooled resources, skills and expertise (Edgman-Levitan and Schoenbaum, 2021). The practical health and social care setting chosen for this report is community care. This report will cover the PCC, the application of the relevant theories and the ethical fundamentals of the same. Further, this will evaluate the partnership working, its various legislations and policies prevailing, and finally draw some recommendations on the same.
MAIN BODY
Definition of PCC
PCC is the care for the individuals in the community care that treats the people with the compassion and respect in the service. This is the type of support provided to the patients which is more focused on their involvement of them in community care (Kwame and Petrucka, 2021). There are several benefits of this type of care which is given as below:
- Providing quality care and support: PCC is effective in providing the care to the people in the community care which is more emphasized on improving its quality and meeting the need of the patient. It highly focus on fulfilling the need of the individual seeking the care and ensure they can get maximum benefit from it. For example, in the community care the caregiver is changing the menu of the food given and adding more highly nutrient ingredients in the same.
- Care for self-improvement: The PCC focuses improving the individuals which impacts the confidence and results in strengthening the patient belief. This makes the individual feel sense of enhanced self-esteem and being feel valued.
- Improved patient satisfaction: The patient feel more satisfied as the services are based on their choice (Thomason, 2021). For example, the patient in the community care is treated by forming the relationship that makes the individual satisfied with the care giver and the services given to them.
- Better health outcomes: When the care delivered is based on the individuals, they react more to the recovery and wellbeing.
However, there are certain limitations related to the PCC which are given as below:
- Resource constraints: In the community care there can be issue with the enough availability of the resources (Viljoen, 2024). For example, there can be the situation that the two individuals are preferring the same bed and it can raise the conflict in whom to provide the resource and whom not to.
- Resistance to change: The PCC is focused on providing the care that need to meet the change constantly due to the change in the preference of the people in the community care. The caregiver may resist to change and unable to make changes effectively based on that.
- Unfairness due to empathy: there can be situation where the biasness may occur due to the presence of empathy towards certain patient who have good bond with the caregiver in the community care setting.
Relevant Theories
There are certain theories that helps in the providing the person-centred care such as Maslow’s hierarchy of need 1943 and Alderfer ERG Theory of Motivation 1969. Maslow’s hierarchy of need 1943 stated the need of the person in five elements which psychological, safety, love, self-esteem and self-actualisation. Alderwick et al, (2021) mentioned that this is effective in providing the care to the individuals based on the person centeredness. This works by supportive the principle of the person care which are the respect, compassion, coordination and personalised support. The theory helps in meeting these principles by providing the services with the compassion and dignity, the caregiver fulfils self-esteem need of the patient (Ocloo et al, 2021). These can be applied in the community care when the care worker forms the relationship with the person seeking support and make them feel less alone. It makes them feel valued and improves the confidence and self-belief.
The theory is effective in meeting the basic need of the person and makes the caregiver to work as per the principles of PCC. On the other hand, Morse et al, (2022) contradicted that the Alderfer ERG theory of motivation 1969 is broader term of the Maslow’s hierarchy of need. This has introduced the three elements that are the existence, relatedness and growth for this purpose. Unlike the Maslow’s hierarchy of need, this theory states that the several needs can be fulfilled at the same time on the different level. This support the principle of the PCC in delivering the care to the individuals in the community care (Rawlinson et al, 2021). The service based on this emphasis on providing the support based on the integration and involvement of the patient. This can be applied by the caregiver in the community setting by involving the patient and family members in the decision making on the support to be provided. This helps in gaining the information on their choice and helps in restoring the wellbeing of the person.
Ethical Fundamentals
The ethical principles in the health and social care is the beneficence, autonomy, nonmaleficence and justice. The beneficence tells about the duty that the caregiver hold in treating the individual with the good. The autonomy shows that the service is given based on the individual respect, justice on equality and nonmaleficence is not to harm the patient. These ethical principles are related to the PCC provide the care to the individual on the basis of the personalisation within due respect, equal treatment and ensuring the safety of the person. This type of support is based on the ethics that helps the patient to grow and establish the wellbeing by more involvement. It provides the equal right to all the people to have the right to get treated and with dignity (Sorensen et al, 2021). In PW, these ethical norms helps in providing the community care with the mutual support and collaboration between the different caregivers. This helps in delivering the care which promotes trust and transparency in the care setting.
Ethical dilemma are the conflicting situations on different ethical values and one which is the most important is need to be decided. For example, at the time of the community care, the care giver may face dilemma with the issue in providing the care. The patient may refuse to take the treatment and precaution which is suggested to take. This situation creates the conflict in giving the care based on personalisation and what is considered to be right for the wellbeing of the patient (Carter et al, 2021). This can be resolved by communicating the need with the patient and also involving the family in it which can help in this process. It can also be resolved by considering if there is another alternative available in that place and also preferred by the patient.
Evaluation of Partnership Working (PW)
PW is the practice in the care setting where the caregivers come together to achieve the mutual goal of providing the care to the people. Baumt al, (2024) mentioned that this important for providing the care with quality and obtaining the resources that can help in meeting the need of the patient. This also has significance in the providing the care with the dignity, respect and individual basis. Integrated Care Systems is a form of service system that brings the different organisation to help each other in supporting the people. PW has various benefit in enhancing the patient care delivery and improved patient outcome (World Health Organization, 2022). For example, the care giver in the community care has supported the patient in receiving the treatment at home when the illness was minor and can be treated at home with certain precautions, this resulted in better reaction of the person to the recovery and restoring the wellbeing.
PW is effective in ensuring the better care support to the one in need of it. Abernethy et al, (2022) contradicted that there are certain limitations associated with this, which are coordination and communication barriers. Coordination can be an issue as there are different people working in the community care and this may result in the lack of integration in the people. Due to the lack of integration there can be issue in the communication of the care givers. For example, the patient have completed the treatment and the healthcare providers did not follow up due to the lack of coordination between them. PW has impacted the quality of the services provided in the health and social care in a positive manner (WHO, 2025). For example, the patient with the disability can get access to the mobility device that is provided by the other organisation working with the healthcare provider. This helps in meeting the demand of the patient by obtaining the resources from the partnering organisation.
Policy and Legislation
There are relevant policies and legislation such as Health and Care Act 2022 and Health and Social Care Act 2012. Health and Care Act 2022 is focused on providing the services that removes the barrier that hinders the collaborative way of delivering the care to the people. Health and Social Care Act 2012 emphasised on the improving the quality of the care services in the care setting (Legislation Gov UK, 2022). These support in providing the person-centered care to the public and partnership working which helps in the availability of the resources for better care to the patient and considering the fairness in the practice. For example, in the community care the laws helps the healthcare providers to formulate the policies that provide the fair and equal treatment to all kind of the patient irrespective of the income, type of disability, gender, background, etc.
These policies and laws has implications on the situations which can replace the primary care system with the commissioning care groups for better care delivery and support to the people. For example, the patient in the community care do not have to seek the different care needed and can get the access at one place only due to the implementation of the joint care service. The legislation also influence the practice of healthcare support in a positive manner (BMA, 2024). For example, based on this policies and legislation the healthcare giver personalise care plan for the patient by searching the history, interests and involving his family in the care delivery lead to the improved way of support in the community care.
Recommendations
In PCC, the areas needed to improve are the information sharing and family involvement. PW need to focus on enhancing in collaboration and communication system between the healthcare workers in the community care.
- It is can be recommended for the future development in the UK to form a system of information sharing and decision making through the use of technology and patient and family participation in the activities through the improved education on the PCC.
- This can also be suggested to develop the integrated care system and collaborative collaboration through the employees training and raising awareness (NHS England, 2023).
- The firm can work on researching and policy development which supports the environment that foster the cultural difference for better collaboration and improved healthcare outcomes and the system in the community care and in the UK in future.
However, there are certain limitations this which can hinder the smooth implementation and running of the system such as funding issue and staff shortage. In the PCC, there is need for more resources whether these are the funds, equipment and other resources. The personalised care also need more staffs to serve the patients based on individuals care. Funds concern and staffs shortage can also limits the working in the PW as well.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be concluded that PCC is significant system in providing the person focused care to the patient for better outcomes. PW is the partnership working between the healthcare providers that forms collaboration to provide the care that meets need for individuals. There are certain theories such as Maslow’s hierarchy of need 1943 and Alderfer ERG Theory of Motivation 1969 that helps in the delivery of services based on the principles of dignity and compassion. It was found that the ethical principles in the health and social care are related to the PCC and PW. There are legislation such as Health and Care Act 2022 which are focused on improving the support delivery in the community care. Use of technology and fostering communication is recommended to develop the system further.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Abernethy, A., Adams, L., Barrett, M., Bechtel, C., Brennan, P., Butte, A., Faulkner, J., Fontaine, E., Friedhoff, S., Halamka, J. and Howell, M., 2022. The promise of digital health: then, now, and the future. NAM perspectives, 2022, pp.10-31478.
Alderwick, H., Hutchings, A., Briggs, A. and Mays, N., 2021. The impacts of collaboration between local health care and non-health care organizations and factors shaping how they work: a systematic review of reviews. BMC public health, 21, pp.1-16.
Baum, C.M., Christiansen, C.H. and Bass, J.D., 2024. The person-environment-occupation-performance (PEOP) model. In Occupational Therapy (pp. 47-55). Routledge.
Carter, S.M., Shih, P., Williams, J., Degeling, C. and Mooney-Somers, J., 2021. Conducting qualitative research online: challenges and solutions. The Patient-Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, 14(6), pp.711-718.
Edgman-Levitan, S. and Schoenbaum, S.C., 2021. Patient-centered care: achieving higher quality by designing care through the patient’s eyes. Israel Journal of Health Policy Research, 10, pp.1-5.
Kwame, A. and Petrucka, P.M., 2021. A literature-based study of patient-centered care and communication in nurse-patient interactions: barriers, facilitators, and the way forward. BMC nursing, 20(1), p.158.
Morse, D.F., Sandhu, S., Mulligan, K., Tierney, S., Polley, M., Giurca, B.C., Slade, S., Dias, S., Mahtani, K.R., Wells, L. and Wang, H., 2022. Global developments in social prescribing. BMJ Global Health, 7(5), p.e008524.
Ocloo, J., Garfield, S., Franklin, B.D. and Dawson, S., 2021. Exploring the theory, barriers and enablers for patient and public involvement across health, social care and patient safety: a systematic review of reviews. Health research policy and systems, 19, pp.1-21.
Rawlinson, C., Carron, T., Cohidon, C., Arditi, C., Hong, Q.N., Pluye, P., Peytremann-Bridevaux, I. and Gilles, I., 2021. An overview of reviews on interprofessional collaboration in primary care: barriers and facilitators. International journal of integrated care, 21(2), p.32.
Sorensen, G., Dennerlein, J.T., Peters, S.E., Sabbath, E.L., Kelly, E.L. and Wagner, G.R., 2021. The future of research on work, safety, health and wellbeing: A guiding conceptual framework. Social science & medicine, 269, p.113593.
Thomason, J., 2021. Metahealth-how will the metaverse change health care?. Journal of Metaverse, 1(1), pp.13-16.
Viljoen, A.H., 2024. Development of an instrument to measure person-centred teamwork in hospital nursing units (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pretoria).
World Health Organization, 2022. WHO guideline on self-care interventions for health and well-being, 2022 revision. World Health Organization.
Online
BMA, (2024). The Health and Care Act. Online. Available through: <https://www.bma.org.uk/advice-and-support/nhs-delivery-and-workforce/integration/the-health-and-care-act>
Legislation Gov UK, (2022). Health and Care Act 2022. Online. Available through: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2022/31/contents
NHS England, (2023). Working in partnership with people and communities: Statutory guidance. Online. Available through: <https://www.england.nhs.uk/long-read/working-in-partnership-with-people-and-communities-statutory-guidance/>
WHO, (2025). Integrated people-centred care. Online. Available through: <https://www.who.int/health-topics/integrated-people-centered-care#tab=tab_1>
